•:,•*          |fe 

"    '      ,  -•->•  — .  " 


*"      •'"       ''  & 

•**•**•-*  - 


THE  UNIVERSITY 


OF  ILLINOIS 


LIBRARY 


It 


•\M>.  I 


ASP! 


.  7 


- 


. 


, 


UBPARY 

OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


JSLQN  CIRCULATING 

CHECK  FOR  UNBOUND 
CIRCULATING  COPY 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


BULLETIN  No.  172 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  DIGESTIBILITY  OF 
RATIONS  FOR  STEERS 

WITH  SPECIAL  REFERENCE  TO  THE  INFLUENCE  OF 

THE  CHARACTER  AND  THE  AMOUNT  OF 
FEED  CONSUMED 


BY  H.  W.  MUMFORD,  H.  S.  GRINDERY,   L,.   U.  HAL,L,, 
AND  A.  D.  EMMETT 

WITH   THE   COLLABORATION   OF 

W.  E.  JOSEPH  AND  H.  O.  ALLISON 


UKBANA,  ILLINOIS,  JUNE,  1914 


CONTENTS  OF  BULLETIN  No.  172 
THE  EXPERIMENT:  PA 

(a)  Plan:  The  animals.  Eations  and  feeds.   Equipment.   Weigh- 
ing and  sampling  of  feeds.     Eefused  feeds  or  orts.     Collection  and 
sampling  of  f eces.     Methods  of  analysis 235 

(b)  Average  amounts  of  feeds  offered  daily  per  period 241 

(c)  Weights  of  orts 243 

Composition  of  the  feeds 243 

Feeds  and  nutrients  consumed 244 

The   feces   and  their   constituents 245 

Amounts  of  nutrients  digested 246 

2.  COEFFICIENTS  OP  DIGESTIBILITY: 

(a)  Dry  substance    246 

(b)  Carbohydrates 251 

(c)  Crude  protein   251 

(d)  Crude-fat    255 

3.  SUGGESTIONS  IN  REGARD  TO  METHODS  OP  CONDUCTING  DIGESTION  EX- 
PERIMENTS    258 

4.  SUMMARY  260 

5.  CONCLUSIONS 262 

6.  APPENDIX  : 

(a)  Table  1. — Total  feed  and  nutrients  offered  and  consumed 
during  the  test  periods 265 

(b)  Table  2. — Total   feces   and  total   nutrients  voided   in   the 
feces  during  the  test  periods 269 

(c)  Table  3. — Total  nutrients  digested  during  the  test  periods  270 

(d)  Table  4. — Coefficients  of  digestibility  of  dry  substance  for 
each  period   271 

(e)  Table  5. — Coefficients  of  digestibility  of  carbohydrates  for 
each  period   273 

(f)  Table  6. — Coefficients  of  digestibility  of  crude  protein  for 
each  period  275 

(g)  Table  7. — Coefficients  of  digestibility  of  crude  fat  for  each 
period   277 

(h)     Figures  illustrating  rear  and  front  of  stalls  and  method  of 
sampling  feces   279 

(i)     Curves  for  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  dry  substance,  car- 
bohydrates, crude  protein,  and  crude  fat 283 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  DIGESTIBILITY  OF 
RATIONS  FOR  STEERS 

WITH    SPECIAL    REFERENCE    TO    THE    INFLUENCE    OF 

THE  CHARACTER  AND  THE  AMOUNT  OF 
FEED  CONSUMED 


BY  H.  W.  MUMPORD,  H.  S.  GRINDLEY,  L.  D.  HAL,L.  AND 
A.  D.  EMMETT 

WITH  THE  COLLABORATION  OK 
W.  E.  JOSEPH  AND  H.  O.  AL,L,I$ON 

This  bulletin  is  one  of  a  series  reporting  the  findings  of  an  investi- 
gation in  regard  to  the  effect  of  variations  in  the  character  and  amount 
of  feed  consumed  upon  the  nutrition  of  steers.  It  gives  the  results 
relating  to  the  effect,  upon  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  (1)  of  varia- 
tions in  the  proportions  of  roughage  and  concentrates  in  the  ration, 
(2)  of  the  substitution  of  a  nitrogenous  concentrate  for  a  part  of  the 
grain  of  a  ration  of  roughage  and  grain  in  the  ratio  of  1:5,  and  (3) 
of  variations  in  the  amount  of  feed  consumed  from  maintenance  ra- 
tions to  full  feed. 

THE  EXPERIMENT 

The  Animals. — The  animals  used  were  eight  two-year-old  high- 
grade  Hereford  steers,  grading  as  choice  feeders,  and  weighing  from 
800  to  1,000  pounds.  These  animals  were  selected  from  the  same  herd. 
From  birth  to  the  time  of  purchase  they  had  been  treated  very  much 
alike.  During  a  period  of  about  two  months  preliminary  to  the  experi- 
ment they  were  kept  in  paved  lots  with  access  to  open  sheds,  and  dur- 
ing the  experiment  proper,  which  lasted  from  May  27  to  December  23, 
a  period  of  thirty  weeks,  they  were  kept  in  digestion  and  metabolism 
stalls. 

Rations  and  Feeds. — During  the  first  month  of  the  period  prelimi- 
nary to  the  experiment  the  ration  consisted  of  corn  silage,  clover  hay, 
and  alfalfa  hay.  At  the  beginning  of  the  second  month  ground  corn 
was  added  to  the  ration,  and  the  feeding  of  alfalfa  was  discontinued. 
Four  days  later  'the  feeding  of  corn  silage  was  discontinued.  During 
the  first  twenty-two  weeks  of  the  experiment  proper  the  ration  con- 
sisted of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn,  and  during  the  last  eight 
weeks,  of  clover  hay,  ground  corn,  and  linseed  oil  meal.  Half  an 

235 


236 


BULLETIN    No.    172 


[June, 


ounce  of  salt,  given  daily,  was  taken  very  consist ently  by  all  of  the 
steers.  Water  also  was  given  twice  daily,  and  an  exact  record  was 
kept  of  the  amounts  drunk. 

To  determine  the  effect  of  variations  in  the  proportions  of  rough- 
age to  concentrates  in  the  ration  upon  its  digestibility,  and  the  effect 
of  the  introduction  of  linseed  oil  meal  into  the  ration,  the  experiment 
was  divided  into  four  test  periods.  During  the  first  test  period  the 
ration  consisted  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in  equal  amounts; 
during  the  second,  of  one  part  of  clover  hay  and  three  parts  of  ground 
corn;  during  the  third,  of  one  part  of  clover  hay  and  five  parts  of 
ground  corn;  and  during  the  fourth,  of  one  part  of  clover  hay,  four 
parts  of  ground  corn,  and  one  part  of  linseed  oil  meal.  Thus  the  pro- 
portion of  concentrates  was  gradually  increased  up  to  the  third  test  pe- 
riod, and  then  maintained  constant  to  the  end  of  the  experiment.  These 
changes  are  comparable  to  the  changes  often  made  in  the  proportions 
of  roughage  and  concentrates  in  ordinary  feeding  practice.  The  first 
test  period  was  three  weeks  in  length,  and  the  second,  third,  and 
fourth,  each  four  weeks  in  length.  The  proportions  of  the  feeds  to  be 
used  in  each  test  period  were  fed  first  in  a  preliminary  period  of  two 
weeks  immediately  preceding  the  test  period,  and  the  changes  in  the 
ration  to  be  made  from  one  test  period  to  another  were  effected  very 
gradually  in  transitional  periods  one  of  which  immediately  followed 
each  test  period.  The  first  and  third  transitional  periods  were  two 
weeks  in  length,  and  the  second,  three  weeks  in  length.  Table  1  gives 
the  division  of  the  experiment  into  periods  and  the  proportion  of 
roughage  to  concentrates  fed  in  each. 

TABLE  1. — DIVISION  OF  EXPERIMENT  INT>  PERIODS,  AND  EATIOS  OF  CLOVER  HAY, 
GROUND  CORN,  AND  LINSEED  OIL  MEAL  FED  DURING  EACH 


Feeding  period 

Experimental 
weeks 

Number  of 
weeks 
in  period 

TJatio  of 
clover  hay  to 
ground  coru 
to  linseed  oil 
meal 

Preliminary  

1-  2 

2 

1-1    :0 

Test  

3-  5 

3 

1:1    :0 

Transitional  

6-  7 

2 

1:1.9:0 

Preliminary  

8-  9 

2 

1:3     :0 

Test  

10-13 

4 

1-3     -0 

Transitional  

14-10 

3 

1-39-0 

Preliminary  

17-18 

2 

1-5     -0 

Test  

19-22 

1-5     -0 

Transitional  

23-24 

2 

1-4  4-0  6 

Preliminary  

25-26 

2 

1-4    :1 

Test  . 

27-30 

4 

1:4     :1 

To  determine  the  effect  of  variations  in  the  amount  of  feed  con- 
sumed upon  the  digestibility  of  the  rations,  the  eight  steers  were 
divided  into  four  lots  of  two  animals  each,  and  each  lot  was  given 


1914}  DIGESTIBILITY  OP  RATIONS  FOR  STEERS  237 

thruout  the  experiment  an  amount  of  feed  different  from  that  re- 
ceived by  the  other  lots.  The  lots  were  as  similar  as  possible  in  regard 
to  age,  condition,  and  breeding  of  the  animals.  One  was  given  just 
enough  feed  to  maintain  the  weights  of  the  steers  about  constant; 
another,  as  much  as  the  steers  would  eat  readily ;  another,  an  amount 
of  feed  equal  to  the  maintenance  ration  plus  one-third  of  the  differ- 
ence between  the  maintenance  and  the  full-feed  rations;  and  an- 
other, an  amount  equal  to  the  maintenance  ration  plus  two-thirds  of 
the  difference  between  the  maintenance  and  full-feed  rations.  In  the 
discussion  and  tables  of  this  bulletin  the  first  of  the  above-described 
lots  has  been  designated  as  the  "maintenance"  lot;  the  second,  as 
the  "full-feed"  lot;  the  third,  as  the  "one-third-feed"  lot;  and  the 
fourth,  as  the  "two-thirds-feed"  lot. 

Equipment. — Since  metabolism  studies  were  to  be  carried  out  with 
the  same  animals,  careful  provision  was  made  for  the  collection  of  the 
urine  as  well  as  of  the  feces.  The  digestion  and  metabolism  stalls 
were  further  arranged  to  prevent  loss  of  feed  while  the  steers  were 
eating.  The  following  description  of  the  stalls  and  other  apparatus 
deals  more  especially  with  the  features  that  were  found  to  be  most 
useful  in  carrying  out  the  work. 

The  digestion  stalls  were  in  general  similar  to  those  used  by 
Armsby1  of  the  Pennsylvania  Station.  They  differed,  however,  in  the 
floor  covering,  the  feed  boxes,  and  the  stanchions.  Further,  since  at 
the  time  of  defecation,  the  feces  were  caught  in  a  specially  prepared 
shovel  by  an  attendant,  there  was  no  need  for  the  opening  in  the  floor 
which  was  used  by  Armsby  and  others  to  permit  the  rubber  feces-duet 
to  pass  thru.  The  stalls  were  of  such  length  that  the  steers  had  but 
little  room  to  move  backward  or  forward.  It  was,  therefore,  impos- 
sible for  them  to  pull  the  urine  funnels  out  of  the  floor  opening. 

The  stall  floor  proper  was  about  three  feet  above  that  of  the  barn. 
This  arrangement  made  it  possible  to  construct  a  movable  support  for 
the  urine  pails  which  could  be  reached  without  much  difficulty  when 
the  daily  exchange  of  vessels  was  made. 

The  feed  boxes  were  constructed  on  the  plan  of  a  drawer  which 
could  be  pushed  in  at  feeding  time  and  pulled  out  and  locked  in  place 
as  soon  as  the  animal  finished  eating.  As  a  result  of  this  arrangement 
the  steer  had  much  more  freedom  while  lying  down.  The  feed  boxes 
were  made  of  wood  and  lined  with  removable  galvanized  iron  boxes. 
In  order  that  no  feed  might  become  lodged  in  the  corners,  the  bottoms 
of  the  metal  boxes  were  rounded  at  the  sides,  the  side  toward  the  steer 
was  set  at  a  slight  angle  with  the  vertical,  and  the  edges  of  the  box 
were  flanged  to  extend  just  beyond  the  wooden  frame. 


'Pa.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  42,  page  74  (1898). 


238  BULLETIN   No.    172  [June, 

Another  safeguard  against  loss  of  feed  was  the  stanchion  arrange- 
ment. This  consisted  of  two  hinged  gates,  one  hung  on  each  side  of 
the  front  end  of  the  stall.  To  the  free  ends  of  the  stanchions  heavy 
canvas  was  attached  and  fastened  to  the  sides  of  the  stall-post  above 
the  space  where  the  feed  box  slid  in.  During  feeding  the  gates  were 
brought  together  until  they  held  the  steer's  head  in  place.  The  can- 
vas on  each  side  made  it  practically  impossible  for  the  feed  to  be 
thrown  out  of  the  box. 

The  flooring  was  made  up  of  several  layers:  first,  a  layer  of  ex- 
celsior ;  next,  a  layer  of  quarter-inch  cork ;  next,  a  layer  of  heavy  lino- 
leum; and  last,  as  a  protection  to  the  linoleum,  a  layer  of  imitation 
leather  called  ' '  pantasote. "  This  combination  gave  very  satisfactory 
results  and  in  the  long  run  was  not  very  expensive.  The  advantages 
of  such  a  floor  were  that  it  did  not  break  or  crack,  it  could  be  kept 
perfectly  clean,  and  it  was  not  easily  torn  or  pulled  loose. 

The  catch  pans  were  of  galvanized  iron,  and  the  f eces  shovel  was  of 
heavy  tin.  The  shovel  measured  ten  by  fifteen  inches.  For  removing 
the  f  eces  from  the  shovel  a  scraper  was  provided.  Enamel-ware  cans, 
thirteen  inches  in  diameter  and  eighteen  inches  in  height,  were  used 
for  feces  cans.  Special,  closely-fitting,  covers  were  provided  to  pre 
vent  loss  of  moisture.  The  feces  were  mixed  in  a  specially-made 
galvanized-iron  box  set  upon  a  wheelbarrow.  Half-gallon  paint  cans 
with  friction-top  lids  were  used  for  feces  sample  pails. 

The  strictest  attention  was  given  to  such  matters  as  the  cleanliness 
of  all  apparatus  and  equipment,  the  sanitary  conditions,  and  the  com- 
fort of  the  steers  during  the  progress  of  the  experiment.  All  appa- 
ratus was  carefully  cleaned  after  being  used,  and  the  stalls  were  thor- 
oly  brushed  each  day  when  the  steers  were  weighed.  Flies  were  kept 
out  during  the  warm  summer  months  by  the  use  of  screens.  The  win- 
dows were  kept  open  at  all  times,  even  during  the  coldest  weather 

Photographs  of  the  stalls  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix,  Figures 
la,  Ib,  and  Ic. 

Weighing  and  Sampling  of  Feeds. — The  weighing  and  sampling  of 
the  feeds  were  carried  out  as  follows: 

Clover  Hay. — A  quantity  of  the  baled  hay,  sufficient  to  last  at  least 
four  weeks,  was  cut  in  an  ensilage  cutter  into  lengths  of  one  inch  or 
less.  The  entire  lot  was  then  put  into  a  small  room,  and  each  week  a 
portion  was  removed,  mixed,  weighed,  and  sampled  as  follows : 

The  amount  that  would  be  needed  during  the  subsequent  experi- 
mental week  was  spread  out  to  a  thickness  of  one  foot  on  the  clean 
barn  floor.  It  was  then  shoveled  systematically  by  two  men  who 
stood  on  opposite  sides  of  it  and  threw  shovelfuls  alternately  into  one 
pile.  It  was  next  spread  out  again,  divided  into  quarters,  mixed 
from  opposite  sides,  and  the  two  resulting  piles  combined  into  on*1. 
This  last  procedure  was  ^epeated  twice.  Thf  hay  was  then  an  read 
out  and  divided  into  th^ee  approximately  equal  lots. 


11)14]  DIGESTIBILITY  OF  EATIONS  FOR  STEERS  239 

The  weighing  of  the  hay  was  begun  immediately  after  it  had  been 
thoroly  mixed.  The  feed  sheets  were  made  out  in  advance  of  the  ex- 
perimental week,  but  as  late  as  possible  in  order  that  they  might  con- 
tain any  necessary  changes.  Individual  feeds  of  hay  were  weighed  for 
every  morning  and  evening  of  an  entire  week.  Special  care  was  taken 
in  the  weighing  to  have  the  individual  feeds  of  hay  as  nearly  uni- 
form in  character  as  possible.  With  this  in  view,  a  part  of  each  feed 
was  taken  from  each  of  the  three  piles.  The  individual  feeds  were 
kept  in  small  bags  of  heavy  bed  ticking.  After  the  weighing  of  every 
two  feeds,  a  small  portion  of  the  chaffed  hay  was  taken  from  the  front 
part  of  each  pile  for  a  composite  sample. 

Tests  of  the  thoroness  of  this  -method  of  weighing  and  sampling  the 
feed  indicated  that  the  individual  portions  were  remarkably  uniform 
in  composition. 

After  the  individual  feeds  had  been  weighed,  the  portion  of  hay 
taken  for  a  composite  sample  was  quartered  and  subdivided  until  it- 
was  reduced  to  a  comparatively  small  lot.  One  sample  of  about  five 
pounds  was  then  taken  for  air  drying,  and  another  for  direct  chemical 
examination. 

Ground  Corn. — The  ground  corn  used  thruout  the  experiment  was 
of  the  yellow  dent  variety  and  was  ground  to  medium  fineness.  It  was 
spread  out  on  the  clean  floor,  mixed,  weighed,  and  sampled  in  exactly 
the  same  manner  as  the  chopped  clover  hay. 

Linseed  Meal. — Pea-size  old-process  linseed  meal  was  ground  to 
medium  fineness  and  put  up  for  the  steers  in  the  same  way  as  the  hay 
and  ground  corn,  except  that  it  was  kept  in  tightly  covered  tin  pails 
instead  of  cloth  bags. 

Refused  Feeds  or  Orts. — The  feed  boxes  were  carefully  swept  out 
every  day,  and  any  appreciable  amount  of  orts  was  removed  before 
the  next  feed  was  offered.  The  orts  were  transferred  to  tared,  fric- 
tion-top paint  cans  properly  labelled  with  the  numbf.r  of  the  animal 
and  the  date  of  the  experimental  week.  Every  day  each  of  these  was 
weighed  and  hung  in  front  of  the  proper  stall. 

When  sufficient  in  quantity  to  influence  the  results,  the  combined 
orts  for  the  experimental  week  were  thoroly  mixed,  and,  if  necessary, 
quartered  until  reduced  to  a  workable  amount.  The  sample  was  then 
air-dried  in  the  electric  oven,  and  after  being  weighed,  was  ground 
and  analyzed. 

Collection  and  Sampling  of  Feces. — The  feces  were  collected  in  a 
special  tin  shovel  at  the  time  of  defecation  and  then  transferred  to  a 
tared  enamel-lined  can  provided  with  a  closely  fitted  cover.  The 
shovel,  can,  cover,  and  scraper  were  each  given  a  number  correspond- 
ing to  that  of  the  steer  for  which  they  were  provided.  Also,  in  order 
that  the  feces  of  one  animal  might  not  become  mixed  with  those  of 


240  BULLETIN    No     172  [June, 

another,  the  shovels  were  fastened  to  the  proper  stalls.  At  the  end  of 
every  experimental  day,  the  shovels,  cans,  and  scrapers  were  replaced 
with  clean,  dry  ones,  and  the  empty  cans  were  weighed.  Next,  the 
cans  from  the  preceding  day  were  weighed,  and  the  feces  mixed  in 
the  specially-made  wheelbarrow  as  shown  in  Fig.  2  in  the  Appendix. 
Great  care  was  taken  to  scrape  the  can  out  thoroly.  For  this  pur- 
pose a  special  scraper  was  made.  After  the  feces  had  been  mixed 
for  three  minutes,  a  definite  portion  of  the  total  amount  was  taken 
as  the  daily  fraction.  This  proportion  of  the  feces  taken  daily 
during  the  experimental  week  was  one-tenth  to  one-fifth  for  the 
maintenance  steers,  one-tenth  for  the  one-third-feed  and  two-thirds- 
feed  steers,  and  one-twenty-fifth  for. the  full-feed  steers.  The  frac- 
tion, obtained  by  taking  small  portions  at  random  thruout  the  en- 
tire mixed  lot,  Avas  put  into  a  tared  friction-top  paint  can  which  had 
been  treated  with  a  10  percent  alcoholic  thymol  solution  and  dried. 
When  the  proper  amount  of  feces  had  been  weighed  out,  approxi- 
mately five  grams  of  finely-ground  thymol  were  added  and  thoroly 
mixed  with  the  sample. 

Each  lot  of  the  feces  was  weighed  and  sampled  in  this  manner. 
After  the  eight  lots  had  been  sampled,  the  pails,  which  were  labelled 
with  the  animal  number,  the  day,  and  the  experimental  week,  were 
put  into  a  cold  storage  room  the  temperature  of  which  was  about 
1°  to  3°  C. 

At  the  end  of  every  experimental  week  the  seven  daily  samples  for 
each  of  the  eight  steers  were  taken  out  of  storage.  These  fractional 
samples  were  then  transferred  to  the  wheelbarrow.  Special  care  was 
taken  to  recover  the  fraction  as  completely  as  possible.  After  the  com- 
bined fractions  were  thoroly  mixed,  two  composite-samples  were  tak- 
en— one  in  a  thymoled  pail  and  the  other  in  a  tared  enamel  pan.  The 
first  was  sent  to  the  laboratory  for  chemical  analysis.  The  second  was 
dried  in  an  electric  oven  for  a  week  at  55°  to  60°  C.,  and  while  being 
dried  was  stirred  daily.  On  being  removed  from  the  oven  it  was  put 
into  a  friction-top  pail,  sealed  with  paraffin,  labelled,  and  placed  in 
cold  storage. 

Methods  of  Analysis. — The  methods  of  analysis  used  in  this  experi- 
ment were  essentially  the  same  as  the  official  methods  given  in  the 
revised  edition  for  1908  of  Bulletin  107  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry, 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  The  carbohydrates  were 
determined  by  difference,  as  no  determinations  were  made  for  crude 
fiber. 


1014}  DIGESTIBILITY  oi1  RATIONS  FOB  STEEKS  241 

AVERAGE  AMOUNTS  OF  FEEDS  OFFERED  DAILY  PER  PERIOD 

The  average  amounts  of  feed  offered  daily  per  period  are  given 
in  Table  2. 

Maintenance. — While  it  was  planned  to  give  the  maintenance 
steers,  just  enough  feed  to  keep  their  weights  practically  constant, 
they  gained  about  0.5  pound  per  day  during  the  entire  experiment. 
The  daily  amounts  of  ground  corn  fed  to  each  were  increased  from 
5.50  pounds  at  the  beginning  of  the  experiment  to  7.00  pounds  dur- 
ing the  third  test  period,  and  from  the  third  test  period  were  reduced 
to  5.52  pounds  at  the  end  of  the  experiment.  The  amount  of  oil 
meal  fed  to  each  during  the  final  test  period  was  1.38  pounds.  The 
clover  hay  was  reduced  from  5.50  pounds  at  the  beginning  of  the 
experiment  to  1.40  pounds  during  the  third  preliminary  period,  and 
was  maintained  practically  constant  from  the  third  preliminary  pe- 
riod to  the  end  of  the  experiment. 

One-Third  Feed. — At  the  beginning  of  the  experiment  Steer  666 
received  7.62  pounds  each  of  ground  corn  and  clover  hay,  and  Steer 
669,  7.87  pounds.  The  maximum  amount  of  ground  corn  received  by 
Steer  666  was  reached  during  the  second  test  period,  when  the  average 
daily  quantity  was  11.12  pounds.  After  that  time  there  was  a  more 
or  less  regular  decrease  to  8.00  pounds  at  the  end  of  the  experiment. 
In  the  case  of  Steer  669  the  maximum  amount  of  corn  was  reached 
during  the  second  transitional  period  when  he  received  daily  11.82 
pounds.  In  the  final  test  period  Steer  666  received  2.00  pounds  of 
the  oil  meal,  and  Steer  669,  2.16  pounds.  The  amounts  of  clover  hay 
decreased  from  7.62  pounds  for  Steer  666  and  7.87  pounds  for  Steer 
669  at  the  beginning  of  the  experiment  to  2.00  pounds  for  Steer  666 
and  2.16  pounds  for  Steer  669  at  the  end  of  the  experiment. 

Two-Thirds  Feed. — The  ground  corn  for  Steers  652  and  665  in- 
creased from  9.87  and  10.25  pounds,  respectively,  at  the  beginning  of 
the  experiment,  to  15.31  and  16.42  pounds  during  the  second  test  pe- 
riod, and  decreased  from  the  second  test  period  to  10.48  and  11.76 
pounds,  respectively,  at  the  end  of  the  experiment.  The  amounts  of 
oil  meal  fed  these  steers  during  the  final  test  period  were  2.62  and  2.94 
pounds,  respectively.  The  amounts  of  clover  hay  decreased  irregularly 
from  9.87  and  10.25  pounds  at  the  beginning  of  the  experiment  to 
2.62  and  2.94  pounds,  respectively,  at  the  end  of  the  experiment. 

Full  Feed. — At  the  beginning  of  the  experiment  Steers  663  and 
661  received  daily  12.00  and  12.50  pounds  of  the  ground  corn,  respect- 
ively. These  amounts  were  gradually  increased  until,  in  the  second 
test  period,  they  were  given  19.59  and  21.18  pounds,  respectively. 
Then  followed  a  more  or  less  regular  decrease  to  the  end  of  the  experi- 
ment, at  which  time  Steer  663  received  12.96  pounds,  and  Steer  661, 
14.88  pounds.  The  amounts  of  oil  meal  fed  during  the  last  test  period 
were  3.24  pounds  to  Steer  663,  and  3.72  pounds  to  Steer  661.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  experiment  the  amounts  of  clover  hay  and  ground 


242 


BULLETIN   No.    172 


[June, 


fn 


4* 

CO  CXJ  CO 
CO  IO  CO 

OO  CXI  CO 
CO  IO  CO 

OOO 
OOO 

to  -j<  to 

rH  tO  rH 

e-i  co  eg 

••s  -*  to 

•*  to  -* 

OS  L^  OS 

M<  to  -* 

e-i  os  eg 

ea  co  eg 

l^  CO  b- 

EH 

rH  IO  rH 

rH  IO  rH 

rq  oo  cxi 

eg  oo  cxi 

e-i  o  cxi 

rH 

eg  rH  CM 

rH 

co"  eg*  co 

rH 

co  •*  cc 

rH 

J£ 

OOO 

•^  5O  •>*( 

000 

•*  to  ^ 

OOO 
000 

to  -*  to 

rH  tO  rH 

000 

to  •*  to 

eg  co  eg 

OS  to  OS 

000 
CXI  CO  CXI 

oo  eg  oo 

tO  b-  tO 

"3    fl 
-•H.S 

rH 

rH  IO  rH 

rH  »O  rH 

sg  oo  cxi 

eg  co  eg 

ej  o  eg 

rH 

eg  rH  ei 

rH 

co  eg  co 

rH 

CO  •*  CO 
rH 

•a"* 

O  CXI  00 

•*  CXI  I— 

o  co  b- 

O  CO  rH 

tO  CO  b- 
-H  IO  OJ 

O  O  IO 

eg  t—  co 

OS  00  b- 

O  b-  CO 

e-i  o  os 

OO  O  O 

to  eg  e-i 

I* 

rH  tO  0 

rH  tO  O 

CXI  CO  rH 

eg  Os  rH 

eg  rH  rH 

rH 

ea  eg  rH 

rH 

CO  "*  i-H 
rH 

co  to  eg 

4* 
CO 

O  O      • 
**  0      • 

O  O       • 
-*<  0       • 

OS  IO       • 

O  •*       • 

IO  »O      • 
M  CXI      • 

rH  IO       • 
30  O       • 

CO  »0      • 

rH  tO       • 

0  O      • 
10  10      • 

00  O      • 

OS  OS       • 

rH  b-°      . 

rH  «>*      ' 

eg  r-5    ; 

eg*  -*'    . 

co*  10"   ; 

CO"  t>*       ', 

co  os    ; 

.ifr 

O  O      • 
-*  0      • 

0  0      • 
•*  0      • 

•*  0      • 
rH  I—      . 

to  o    • 

CO  00      • 

o  o    • 

OS  IO      • 

•*  o    • 

CO  b-       • 

•*  0      • 

to  eg    . 

(M  r-f     • 

eg  rH    • 

rH  t--      ' 

rH  t*»      , 

eg  o    . 

CXI  rH       . 

eg  ••*    . 

co"  to    ' 

CO*  00      ' 

£"" 

•"is  'tf 

=  o 

t-  CO      • 

t-  CO      • 

t-  o    • 

b-  b-      • 

IO  OI      • 

o  oo    • 

oo  to    • 

b-  IO      • 

IO   TjH         • 

CXI    Tj*          • 

CO  CO       • 
10  •*      . 

oo  o    • 
eg  'ti    . 

K  .2 

rH  tO      . 

rH  tO      . 

eg  o    ' 

CO*  rH      . 

CO*  •**      . 

•*'  to    * 

"*'  t-*    • 

\d  o    * 

1 

00  **      • 
CX]  00       • 

00   T*(        . 

sg  oo     • 

rHOq      • 
t-  rH      • 

t~  0      • 

GO  tO       • 

0  rH       • 
rH  CO       • 

55^  : 

CO  OS       - 
•O  10      • 

-•£>  00      • 

EH 

cxi  to    : 

CXI  «0      . 

CO*  rH      ; 
rH 

CO*  rH      ' 
rH 

rH      ' 

>o  to    l 

to  OJ      " 
•—1 

t-    T-i 

cxi 

.S£ 

00  -*      • 
(M  00      • 

oo  -^    • 

CXI  CO      • 

in  to    • 

O  00      • 
b-  0      • 

CO  M<       • 

o  eg    • 

rH  CO       • 

CO   Tfl         • 

o  eg    • 

eg  to    • 

IO  IO      • 

"3  § 

cxi  «d    * 

7<i  to    I 

co"  o*    ; 

CO*  rH      ; 

•*  •*'      ' 

>O  IO      ' 

to  co"    ' 

to  os"   ; 

£"" 

'5  g 

CO  •*      • 

10  10    • 

rH  0      • 
tO  b-     • 

os  to    • 

rH  t—       • 

0  OS       • 

io  eg    • 

t-  OS       • 

CO  OS      • 

eg  o    • 

CO  OO       • 

io  eg     . 

TH  eg    • 
eg  •*     • 

63  .2 

co*  to    . 

CO  ?D      . 

in  oi    ; 

10  o   ; 

to  cxi    * 

t-"  co"    . 

oo"  to    * 

CO  b-*      ' 

•U 

gj 

rH  rH      • 
10.10      • 

low    - 

00  00       • 

OS  O      • 
OS  OS       • 

to  to     • 

0  0      • 

^!*  : 

CO  CO      • 

eg  eg     • 

CO  CO       • 

EH 

IO  IO      * 

10  »0      . 

b-  b-      . 

b-  b-      . 

o  o    ' 

rH  rH 

0  O      ' 
rH  rH 

eg  cxi    " 

rH  rH      ' 

eg  eg    ' 

rH  rH 

.it? 

o  o    • 

IO  »O      • 

0  0     • 
10  kO      • 

to  to    • 

CO  CO       • 

30  00       • 

10  >0      • 

eg  ei     • 

0  0      • 

o  o    • 

O  O      • 

IO  »O      ' 

10*  10*   ; 

<>*  t-*    '. 

os  os"    ' 

d  o   : 

rH  rH 

eg*  eg*    ' 

rH  rH 

eg*  cxi    ' 

rH  rH 

« 

g 

o> 

rH 

IP* 

i§,j 

;  °  ' 

•  s  ; 
•  "^ 

^^rg 

-•si 

S5Sf 

•    P      * 

ill 

jf!,- 

OOO 

OOO 

OOO 

OOO 

OOO 

OOO 

oob 

000 

Animal 

o 
>o 
to 

IO 

to 

••£> 

to 

a 
5 

ib 
to 

IO 

to 

.-o 
S 

-H 

to 
to 

4J 
,3 

Maintenance 

One-third  feed 

Two-thirds  ±eed 

^ 

1914} 


DIGESTIBILITY  OP  EATIONS  FOR  STEERS 


243 


corn  fed  were  the  same.  Later  the  quantity  of  hay  was  gradually  re- 
duced as  the  ground  corn  was  increased.  In  the  final  test  period 
Steer  663  received  3.24  pounds  of  the  clover  hay,  and  Steer  661,  3.62 
pounds. 

While  the  full-feed  ration  given  in  this  experiment  was  as  much 
as  the  steers  would  consume,  it  was  a  little  less  than  the  amount  ordi- 
narily regarded  as  full  feed  for  steers  of  the  same  age  and  weight. 
The  smaller  consumption  of  feed  by  these  steers  may  have  been  due  to 
their  close  confinement  in  the  stalls. 

\VEIGHTS  OF  GETS 

In  Table  3  are  given  the  total  orts.  The  only  animals  that  left 
large  quantities  of  orts  at  any  time  were  Nos.  663  and  661.  During 
the  first  period  No.  663  left  about  one-third  of  his  feed,  and  at  other 
times,  as  much  as  one-sixth.  In  the  third  preliminary  and  test  periods 
No.  661  left  about  fifteen  percent  of  his  feed. 

TABLE  3. — TOTAL  ORTS  PER  PERIOD 
(Eesults  expressed  in  pounds) 


Period 

Batio  of 
hay  to 
corn  to 
oil  meal 

Mainte- 
nance 

One- 
third 
feed 

Two- 
thirds 
feed 

Full  feed 

Description 

Exper- 
iment- 
al 
weeks 

650 

656 

666 

669 

652 

665 

663 

661 

Preliminary  .... 
Test  

1-  2 
3-  5 

6-  7 
8-  9 
10-13 
14-16 
17-18 
19-22 
23-24 
25-26 
27-30 

1:1:0 
1:1:0 
1:1.9:0 
1:3:0 
1:3:0 
1-39-0 

0.71 
0.47 
0.29 
030 

0.80 
0.21 
8.61 

110.57 
26.40 
77.16 
0.73 
105.84 
43.27 
57.73 
64.92 

3.82 
3.54 
0.34 
20.89 
37.98 
68.37 
85.79 

Transitional  .... 
Preliminary  .... 
Test  

0.61 

0.31 

Transitional  .... 
Preliminary  .... 
Test  

1:5:0 
1:5:0 
1:4.4:0.6 
1:4:1 
1:4:1 

0.86 

Transitional  .... 
Preliminary  .... 

Test  . 

34.37 

69.47 

COMPOSITION  OF  THE  FEEDS 

In  Table  4  is  given  the  average  composition  of  the  feeds  used  in 
this  experiment.  The  composition  of  the  oil  meal  was  practically 
the  same  as  that  given  in  the  revised  edition  (1912)  of  Henry's  "Feeds 
and  Feeding."  The  ground  corn  was  somewhat  lower  in  dry  sub- 
stance, about  2.6  percent  lower  in  protein,  1.6  percent  higher  in 
carbohydrates,  and  slightly  lower  in  fat  and  ash.  The  clover  hay  was 
about  3.8  percent  higher  in  dry  substance,  about  1.3  percent  lower  in 
protein,  6.8  percent  higher  in  carbohydrates,  about  0.9  percent  lower 
in  fat,  and  0.8  percent  lower  in  ash.  On  the  basis  of  the  protein  con- 
tent, both  the  ground  corn  and  the  clover  hay  were  poorer  in  quality 
than  the  average  for  these  feeds. 


244 


BULLETIN    No.    172 


TABLE  4. — AVERAGE  COMPOSITION  OF  FEEDS 
(Eesults  expressed  in  percent  of  fresh  substance) 


Feed 

Dry 

sub- 
stance 

Crude 
protein 

(Nx6.25) 

Total 
car- 
bohy- 
drates 

Fat 
(ether 
ex- 
tract) 

Ash 

Total 
nitro- 
gen 

Phos- 
phor1 
us 

Ground  corn  

87.09 

7.69 

74.21 

3.93 

1.27 

1.230 

0.263 

Linseed  meal   

90.74 

34.80 

43.72 

6.79 

5.42 

5.564 

0.869 

Clover  hay    

88.46 

10.97 

69.75 

2.36 

5.39 

1.756 

0.153 

FEEDS  AND  NUTBIENTS  CONSUMED 

In  Table  1  of  the  Appendix  are  given  the  amounts  of  feeds  and 
the  nutrients  offered  and  consumed  during  the  test  periods.  In  study- 
ing this  table  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  first  test  period  lasted 
only  three  weeks,  while  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  were  each  four 
weeks  in  length.  Also,  that  as  a  result  of  the  changes  in  the  propor- 
tion of  concentrates  to  roughage  in  the  ration  from  period  to  period, 
the  amounts  of  nutrients  supplied  by  the  concentrates  were  increased, 
and  the  amounts  supplied  by  the  roughage  were  decreased,  up  to  the 
third  test  period,  and  both  were  then  maintained  constant  from  the 
third  period  to  the  end  of  the  experiment. 

The  amounts  of  feed  consumed  per  week  remained  practically  con- 
stant from  the  first  test  period  to  the  second,  decreased  about  14 
percent  from  the  second  to  the  third,  and  remained  practically  con- 
stant again  from  the  third  to  the  fourth. 

The  amounts  of  dry  substance  and  carbohydrates  consumed  per 
week,  like  the  amounts  of  feed,  remained  practically  constant  from 
the  first  period  to  the  second,  and  decreased  about  13  percent  from 
the  second  period  to  the  third.  From  the  third  period  to  the  fourth, 
the  dry  substance,  like  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed,  remained  about 
constant,  while  the  carbohydrates  decreased  considerably.  The  de- 
crease in  the  carbohydrates  was  due  to  the  relatively  low  carbohydrate 
content  of  the  oil  meal  as  compared  with  that  of  the  ground  corn 
which  the  oil  meal  replaced  in  the  ration. 

The  amounts  of  ash  consumed  per  week  decreased  markedly  from 
the  first  period  to  the  third,  and  increased  markedly  from  the  third 
to  the  fourth.  These  changes  were  due  to  the  lower  ash  content  of 
the  ground  corn  as  compared  with  that  of  the  clover  hay  and  that  of 
the  oil  meal. 

The  fat  consumed  per  week  increased  moderately  from  the  first 
period  to  the  second  because  of  the  higher  fat  content  of  the  ground 
corn  as  compared  with  that  of  the  clover  hay.  From  the  second  period 


/.v//J  DIGESTIBILITY  OP  KATIONS  FOR  STEERS  245 

to  the  third,  however,  altho  the  proportion  of  ground  corn  in  the  ra- 
tion was  again  increased,  there  was  practically  no  change,  as  the  in- 
crease in  the  percentage  of  fat  in  the  ration  was  offset  by  the  reduc- 
tion in  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed.  In  the  fourth  period  there  was 
a  slight  decrease  for  all  of  the  steers  except  one. 

Because  of  the  lower  protein  content  of  the  ground  corn  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  the  clover  hay,  and  because  of  the  decrease  in  the 
amount  of  feed  consumed,  the  amount  of  protein  consumed  per  week 
decreased  moderately  from  the  first  period  to  the  third.  From  the 
third  period  to  the  fourth,  it  increased  markedly  on  account  of  the 
high  protein  content  of  the  oil  meal. 

THE  FECES  AND  THEIR  CONSTITUENTS 

In  Table  2  of  the  Appendix  are  given  the  weights  of  the  feces  and 
the  nutrients  voided  in  the  feces. 

The  amounts  of  feces  excreted  per  week  decreased  markedly  from 
the  first  period  to  the  third,  and  decreased  moderately  from  the  third 
to  the  fourth.  The  changes  were  due  probably  to  decreases  in  the 
crude  fiber  of  the  ration  from  period  to  period. 

The  dry  substance  and  carbohydrates  decreased  moderately  from 
the  first  period  to  the  second,  decreased  markedly  from  the  second  to 
the  third,  and  decreased  moderately  again  from  the  third  period  to 
the  fourth.  The  changes  were  due  to  the  fact  that  the  digestibility 
of  the  dry  substance  and  carbohydrates  increased  as  the  proportion  of 
roughage  in  the  ration  was  decreased. 

The  ash  in  the  feces  per  week,  like  the  ash  consumed,  decreased 
markedly  from  the  first  period  to  the  third.  From  the  third  period  to 
the  fourth,  however,  even  tho  the  ash  consumed  increased  markedly,  the 
ash  of  the  feces  increased  only  very  slightly,  either  because  the  ash  of 
the  oil  meal  was  more  completely  absorbed  than  the  ash  of  the  ground 
corn,  or  because  more  of  the  metabolic  ash  was  excreted  in  the  urine. 

The  fat  content  of  the  feces  remained  practically  constant  from 
the  first  period  to  the  second,  decreased  moderately  from  the  second 
to  the  third,  and  remained  practically  constant  again  from  the  third 
to  the  fourth. 

The  protein  in  the  feces  per  week  decreased  somewhat  more  mark- 
edly from  the  first  period  to  the  third  than  the  protein  consumed. 
From  the  third  period  to  the  fourth,  because  of  the  greater  digesti- 
bility of  the  protein  of  the  oil  meal  as  compared  with  that  of  the  pro- 
tein of  the  ground  corn,  the  amounts  of  protein  in  the  feces  remained 
about  constant,  even  tho  much  more  protein  was  consumed  in  the 
fourth  period  than  at  any  other  time  during  the  experiment. 


246  BULLETIN    No.    172  [June, 

AMOUNTS  OF  NUTEIENTS  DIGESTED 

Table  3  of  the  Appendix  gives  the  amounts  of  nutrients  digested 
during  the  test  periods. 

The  amounts  of  dry  substance  and  carbohydrates  digested  per 
week  increased  slightly  from  the  first  period  to  the  second,  decreased 
slightly  from  the  second  to  the  third,  and  decreased  slightly  from  the 
third  to  the  fourth. 

The  amounts  of  fat  digested  per  week  increased  moderately  from 
the  first  period  to  the  second,  increased  slightly  from  the  second  to  the 
third,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the  quantities  digested  by  one  steer, 
decreased  slightly  from  the  third  period  to  the  fourth. 

The  protein  digested  per  week  decreased  slightly  from  the  first 
period  to  the  second,  and  decreased  moderately  from  the  second  to  the 
third.  From  the  third  period  to  the  fourth  there  was  a  marked  in- 
crease, which  explains  why  the  amounts  of  protein  in  the  feces  re- 
mained constant  from  the  third  period  to  the  fourth  when  much  more 
protein  was  consumed  during  the  fourth  period  than  during  the  third. 

COEFFICIENTS  OF  DIGESTIBILITY  OF  DKY  SUBSTANCE 

In  Table  5  are  given  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  sub- 
stance during  the  test  periods.  These  data  were  compiled  from  the 
weekly  data  which  are  represented  by  Figs.  3  and  5  of  the  Appendix 
and  are  given  in  detail  in  Table  4,  page  271  of  the  Appendix. 

Effect  of  Character  of  Ration 

The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance  increased  from 
the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  experiment.  It  is  evident,  therefore, 
that  the  dry  substance  of  the  ration  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in 
the  ratio  of  1 :3  was  more  digestible  than  that  of  the  ration  of  clover 
hay  and  ground  corn  in  the  ratio  of  1:1;  that  the  dry  substance  of 
the  ration  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in  the  ratio  of  1 :5  was 
more  digestible  than  that  of  the  ration  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn 
in  the  ratio  of  1 :3 ;  and  that  the  dry  substance  of  the  ration  of  clover 
hay,  ground  corn,  and  linseed  oil  meal  in  the  ratio  of  1 :4 :1  was  more 
digestible  than  that  of  the  ration  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in 
the  ratio  of  1 :5.  These  facts,  therefore,  confirm  the  results  obtained 
in  numerous  other  experiments  which  have  shown  that  the  dry  sub- 
stance of  ground  corn  is  more  digestible  than  the  dry  substance  of 
clover  hay,  and  the  dry  substance  of  linseed  oil  meal,  more  digestible 
than  the  dry  substance  of  ground  corn. 

That  the  character  of  the  ration  affected  also  the  influence  exerted 
by  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed  on  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  of 
of  the  ration  will  be  evident  from  the  discussion  of  this  subject  given 
on  page  250. 


DIGESTIBILITY  OP  RATIONS  FOR  STEERS 


247 


i  .a 


ft 

OS    O 

0 

co 

H 

m  b-      to. 
co  oo      m 

O  rH  O 
l^  rH  OS 

CO    Tft             O 

OSM  rH 
O  OS  O 

& 

oc 

in 

CM 

rH 

o  oo      os 

00  b-          b- 

b-  CO  CO 
b-  b-  b- 

t-  cq      in 

b-  b-          b- 

os  cq  to 

b-  b-  l~ 

to 

4> 

0 

co 

rH 

rH  IO         OS 

co  co       os 

t»  (M  "* 

t~  IO  rH 

o  o      o 

00  rH         rH 

CO  rH  (N 
tQ  t-  rH 

0 

EH 

iH 

§os      os 
t-      t» 

££  £ 

££        £ 

®£  £ 

£ 

0>    d    fi 

CO 

rH 

00  O          OS 
rH  OS         CO 

to  oo  cq 
in  cq  ••# 

O  CO           rH 

co  m      os 

O  CO  00 

cq  co  b- 

in 

in 

CM 

rH 

OS  t-^         OO 
b-  b-          b- 

b-  in  CD 

b-  b-  t^- 

t-  b-         b- 

oo  co  in 

b-  b-  b- 

CO 

|| 

Kj 

CO 
O 

TH  rH            b- 

co  cq       b- 

OS  OS  rH 
Ob-  OS 

CO  OS          CO 
Cq  rH         CO 

cq  os  in 

CO  CD  rH 

rH 
00 

a-S 

CO 

CO 

rH 

O  OS         CS 
00  b*          b* 

oo  m  CD 

b-  b-  b- 

00  O        rH 
b-  b-         b- 

in  oo  cq 

b-  CO  b- 

[2 

in 

as  y> 

CM 
CM 

O 

O    OS             Tf* 

TH  O          b- 

.3  rH  O 

rn  m  oo 

CO  OS          rH 
rH  O          CD 

CC  rH  OO 
O  CO  tD 

<P 

tii 

00  OS          00 

in  CD  in 

CO  rH          CO 

rH  in  OS 

i 

N 

O 

o  co      os 

IO  0        l- 

CD  CJ  •* 
(M  (M  C- 

t>  t>        01 

IO  CD         CD 

rH  CO  rH 

00  rH  rH 

OS 
iH 

rH 

00  OS         00 

iO  CD  IO 

IO  iH         CO 

rH  IO  O 
b*  CO  b- 

£ 

OJ    d    (H 

oo 

rH 

O 

o  o      in 
eq  rH       co 

30  O  TH 
b-  rH  OS 

cq  os      in 

b-  O  CO 

in  rH  00 

in 
eg 

£;3  d 

ti 

oo  os      oo 

rH  b-  in 

b-  OS   •      CO 

eo  in  co 

•  rH   ^ 

CO    Cg 

to 

i-H 

O 

os 

o  co       to 

OO  rH          OS 

COO  ® 

oo  CD      cq 

TH  O  b- 

rH  OO  rH 

Oi 

2.2 

rH 

CO 
rH 

tO  OS          b- 

co'  cq'  J5 

b-  b-  *•" 

CO  b-          O 

t—  tO          b- 

O  O  W 
b-  CD  b- 

iH 
b- 

tf 

<O    0 

CO 

O 

TH  in      co 
os  in      b- 

eq  in  x> 

CD  rH  'X- 

b-  b-      eq 

co  eo      oo 

•H  CO  OO 
CO  O  CO 

00 
t* 

^  If 

CO 

tO  OO          b- 
b-  b-          b- 

CO  rH  I— 
b-  b-  b- 

OS  OO          OO 

CO  tO         CD 

OS  O  rH 

to  to  co 

g 

s 

co 

TH 

0 

rH  N         00 
CO  (M         <N 

CS  CO  CD 
CO  t-  O 

co  oo       t^ 

IO  IO         O 

rH  OS  CO 
CO  rH  IO 

S 

o 
EH 

6 

TH 

rH 

CO  00         t** 

t*  t-      fr- 

f-  b-  b- 

os  oo       os 

CD  CO         CO 

OS  OS  rH 
CD  IO  CO 

0 
t> 

*  H  *" 

e» 

0 

tO  -H          CO 

o  eq       co 

to  oo  eo 
o  os  m 

o  in      cq 
o  to      co 

•-o  os  eo 

CO  iH  OS 

m 

CO 

00 

rH 

00  OS          00 
b-  b-         b- 

CO  OS  rH 
b-  CO  b- 

OS  b-          00 

co  co      to 

OO  rH  TH 

to  CO  CD 

g 

i-a 

O 
OS 

m  os      t— 

rH  rH          CD 

co  in  cq 
cq  in  rH 

tO  CO          OJ 
OO  rH          Tft 

in  co  °° 

OS 

IO 

2 

«6 

I-i 

b-  b-         b- 

to  to  co 

b-  b-           t~ 

CO  CD         CO 

rH  O'  £} 

CO  CO  <° 

b-' 

to 

>  bfi 

iH 

O 
iH 
iH 

CD  CO          OS 

in  o      cq 

oo'  o       os 

tO  b-          CD 

*<  OS  rH 
b-  O  OS 

06  co  in 

to  tO  CD 

CO  CO          Tft 
rH  in         00 

TH'  co*      co 
co  CD      co 

in  • 

in  • 

CO  *  ' 
CD 

in 

OS 

in 

to 

s 

10 

O 

o  os      os 

CO  CO         OS 

00  CO-  CM 
OS  (M  rH 

IO  O        04 

00  rH         CD 

0  IO  CO 

IO  IO  0 

T^ 

0) 

CO 

rH 

os  o      os 

CO  t-         CO 

b-  CD  l> 

CO  CD  CO 

10  10      in 
co  co      co 

rH  ^  m 

i 

ill 

CO 

O 
rH 
rH 

-*  rH           CXI 

TJJ  o      cq 

t-^  os      oo 
to  to      co 

OS  rH  rH 
QO  M  rH 
OS  OO  rli 

co  in  co 

rf*  O        b- 

l£2  00          rH 

i-i  o"      i-i 

CD  CD        CD 

CO  • 

iH  • 

to  *  * 

to 

rH 

00 

-s 

<U 

O 
-*-> 

Ej 

8 

O  CO 

m  in 

CD  CD 
t-i 

in 

to  os 
to  co 

to  co 

h 

l: 

cq  m 

in  CD 

CD  CD 

02 

CO  rH 

co  co 

to  to 

o>  ^  ; 
a!"  '• 

0 

1 

Experimental 

t2 

o 
o 

is 

Maintenance  .... 
)  > 

Average  

One-third  feed  .  .  . 

j  >  »  >  > 

Average  

Two-thirds  feed  .  . 
»  >  j  }  ) 

Average  

^    »v                       GJ 
<JJ   »*                    tiC 

2 

—  9 

Grand  average  .  . 

248  BULLETIN     No.    172  [June, 


First  Test  Period. — In  the  first  test  period  the  average  coefficients 
for  the  four  lots  of  animals  were  as  follows :  maintenance  lot,  69.99 ; 
one-third-feed  lot,  67.12 ;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  65.62 ;  and  full-feed  lot, 
63.03.  Therefore,  the  lot  coefficients  varied  inversely  as  the  amounts 
of  feed  consumed.  The  coefficients  for  the  individual  animals  were: 
in  the  maintenance  lot,  69.30  and  70.69 ;  in  one-third-feed  lot,  67.98 
and  66.26 ;  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot,  65.85  and  65.40 ;  and  in  the  full- 
feed  lot,  64.50  and  61.55.  From  these  figures  it  will  be  noted  that  the 
differences  between  the  values  for  the  single  animals  were  less  marked 
than  those  between  the  lots.  In  a  number  of  cases  one  value  in  a  lot 
was  nearer  to  one  or  both  of  the  coefficients  in  another  lot  than  to  the 
other  coefficient  of  the  same  lot;  thus,  the  coefficient  for  Steer  663 
was  nearer  to  the  coefficients  of  the  two-thirds-feed  lot  than  to  the 
coefficient  of  Steer  661.  No.  663  consumed  less  feed  than  Steer  661, 
but  the  amount  was  not  enough  less  to  account  for  the  difference  of 
practically  3  percent  between  their  coefficients.  The  coefficients  of 
the  two-thirds-feed  lot  agreed  with  each  other  much  more  closely  than 
did  those  of  the  one-third-feed  lot  or  those  of  the  maintenance  lot. 
In  spite  of  the  differences  between  the  values  for  the  individual  ani- 
mals, however,  the  fact  that  the  coefficients  for  the  lots  tended  to 
vary  inversely  as  the  amount  of  feed  consumed  and  that  the  variation 
was  progressive  from  the  maintenance  lot  to  the  full-feed  lot,  is  con- 
clusive evidence  that  an  increase  above  the  maintenance  requirement 
in  the  amount  of  feed  consumed  in  the  first  test  period  caused  a  de- 
crease in  the  digestibility  of  the  nutrients  of  the  ration. 

Second  Test  Period. — The  lot  averages  for  the  second  test  period 
were  as  follows :  maintenance,  77.28 ;  one-third  feed,  72.06 ;  two-thirds 
feed,  69.07 ;  and  full  feed,  64.56.  In  this  period,  as  in  the  first  test 
period,  the  average  coefficients  varied  inversely  as  the  amounts  of  feed 
consumed.  The  coefficients  for  the  individual  animals  were:  in  the 
maintenance  lot,  76.34  and  78.22 ;  in  the  one-third-feed  lot,  72.39  and 
71.73 ;  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot,  69.56  and  68.58 ;  and  in  the  full-feed 
lot,  69.64  and  59.49.  In  the  full-feed  lot  the  difference  between  the 
coefficients  for  the  two  animals  was  marked,  while  in  the  other  lots  the 
differences  were  quite  small.  The  marked  difference  between  the 
values  for  Steers  663  and  661  may  be  explained  only  in  part  by  the 
differences  in  the  amounts  of  dry  substance  they  consumed.  Not- 
withstanding these  differences  between  individual  animals,  however, 
the  data  indicate  that  in  the  second  test  period  an  increase  in  the 
amount  of  feed  consumed  from  maintenance  to  one-third-feed  and 
from  one-third  feed  to  two-thirds  feed  resulted  in  a  decrease  in  the 
coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance.  An  increase  from 
two-thirds  feed  to  full  feed,  on  the  other  hand,  apparently  had  little 
offect. 


1914]  DIGESTIBILITY  OF  EATIONS  FOB  STEERS  249 

Third  Test  Period. — In  the  third  test  period,  the  lot  averages  of  the 
coefficients  were :  maintenance,  78.79 ;  one-third  feed,  75.74 ;  two-thirds 
feed,  73.62;  and  full  feed,  70.11.  The  values  for  the  individual  ani- 
mals were :  in  the  maintenance  lot,  78.50  and  79.08 ;  in  the  one-third- 
feed  lot,  75.26  and  76.22 ;  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot,  75.57  and  71.67 ; 
and  in  the  full-feed  lot,  74.81  and  65.42.  The  difference  between  the 
two  coefficients  in  the  full-feed  lot  was  very  great,  and  that  between 
the  coefficients  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot  was  large.  Because  of  these 
differences  within  the  lots,  the  differences  between  the  one-third-feed, 
the  two-thirds-feed,  and  the  full-feed  lots  cannot  be  considered  signifi- 
cant with  respect  to  differences  in  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed  as  a 
cause.  The  coefficient  of  the  maintenance  lot  in  the  third  period,  as  in 
the  preceding  test  periods,  was  still  distinct  from  those  of  the  other 
lots,  but  in  this  case  the  differences  were  smaller. 

From  these  facts  it  seems  evident,  therefore,  that  in  the  third  test 
period  the  dry  substance  of  the  maintenance  ration  may  have  been 
digested  more  thoroly  than  that  of  the  heavier  rations,  altho  the  differ- 
ences in  the  coefficients  were  not  as  significant  as  those  found  in  the 
previous  test  periods. 

Fourth  Test  Period.— In  the  fourth  test  period  the  average  coeffi- 
cients for  the  four  lots  were  as  follows :  maintenance  lot,  79.99 ;  one- 
third-feed  lot,  77.14;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  75.10;  and  full-feed  lot, 
76.12.  Except  that  the  value  representing  the  two-thirds-feed  lot  was 
lower  than  that  of  the  full-feed  lot,  the  coefficients  varied  inversely  as 
the  amount  of  feed  consumed.  The  coefficients  for  the  individual  ani- 
mals were :  in  the  maintenance  lot,  80.64  and  79.35 ;  in  the  one-third- 
feed  lot,  77.77  and  76.52 ;  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot,  77.80  and  72.40 ; 
and  in  the  full-feed  lot,  79.53  and  72.71.  On  the  basis  of  these  values, 
no  lot  was  very  different  from  the  others.  The  maintenance  lot  was 
the  most  distinct,  but  one  value  in  the  full-feed  lot  was  lower  than  that 
for  Steer  650,  and  higher  than  that  for  Steer  656. 

Therefore,  the  data  indicate  that  during  the  fourth  test  period, 
little  or  no  difference  in  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  sub- 
stance was  produced  by  differences  in  the  amount  of  feed  consumed 
from  maintenance  to  full  feed. 

Summary. — In  the  first  and  second  test  periods  the  coefficients  of 
digestibility  of  the  dry  substance  varied  inversely  as  the  amounts  of 
feed  consumed.  In  the  second  period,  however,  the  differences  be- 
tween the  lota  on  the  heavier  rations  were  less  distinct  than  those  in 
the  first  test  period.  In  the  third  test  period  the  coefficient  for  the 
maintenance  lot  was  again  the  highest,  and  the  maintenance  lot  was 
the  only  lot  that  was  at  all  distinct.  In  the  fourth  test  period  the 
digestibility  of  the  dry  substance  seemed  to  be  little  affected  by  the 
amount  of  feed  consumed. 


250  BULLETIN    No.    172  [June, 

Effect  of  Character  of  Ration  Upon  Effect  Exerted  by  Amounts  of 

Feed  Consumed 

From  an  examination  of  the  data  of  the  first,  second,  and  third  test 
periods,  it  seems  that  the?  lot  differences  in  the  coefficients  of  digesti- 
bility of  the  dry  substance — that  is,  differences  due  to  the  differences 
in  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed — resulted  mainly,  if  not  entirely, 
from  the  presence  in  the  ration  of  comparatively  large  amounts  of 
clover  hay.  This  was  indicated  by  the  fact  that  when  the  quantity 
of  clover  hay  was  relatively  large,  as  in  the  first  test  period,  the  differ- 
ences between  the  coefficients  of  the  four  lots  were  marked,  while  as  the 
relative  amount  of  clover  hay  in  the  rations  was  reduced,  the  differ- 
ences between  the  coefficients  of  the  four  lots  decreased.  As  this  de- 
crease occurred  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  at  the  same  time  that  the 
proportion  of  clover  hay  was  decreased,  the  proportion  of  ground  corn 
in  the  ration  was  increased,  the  coefficient  of  digestibility  of  the  dry 
substance  of  the  corn  either  did  not  vary  at  all  with  the  amount  of 
feed  consumed,  or  the  variation  was  obscured  by  the  greater  variation 
in  the  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance  of  the  clover  hay. 

Differences  in  the  bulk  of  the  rations  alone  did  not  produce  the 
variations,  as  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed  by  the  four  lots  during 
the  second  and  third  test  periods  were  as  widely  different  as  those  of 
the  first  test  period,  and  the  bulk  of  the  rations  during  any  one  period 
varied  directly  as  the  amounts  of  feed.  Moreover,  tho  the  actual  bulk  or 
volume  of  the  rations  of  the  maintenance  and  one-third-feed  lots  in  the 
first  and  second  test  periods  was  doubtless  not  as  great  as  that  of  the 
rations  of  the  two-thirds-feed  and  the  full-feed  lots  in  the  third  and 
fourth  test  periods,  the  differences  between  the  coefficients  of  the  lots 
in  the  former  case  were  rather  distinct,  while  in  the  latter  case  they 
were  insignificant.  Evidently,  therefore,  the  differences  in  the  coeffi- 
cients resulting  from  the  differences  in  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed 
were  dependent  on  the  character  of  the  material  consumed  rather  than 
on  the  volume  or  bulk  of  the  ration. 

Accordingly,  from  the  results  of  this  experiment  it  seems  that  the 
factor  responsible  for  the  differences  in  the  digestibility  of  the  rations 
due  to  differences  in  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed,  was  the  relatively 
large  amount  of  crude  fiber  in  the  ration.  In  the  case  of  the  carbo- 
hydrates it  seems  from  these  data  and  the  results  obtained  by  Eckels1 
that  the  presence  of  the  large  amount  of  crude  fiber  influenced  only 
the  digestibility  of  the  nitrogen-free  extract,  and  that  its  own  diges- 
tibility was  not  changed. 

The  substitution  of  linseed  oil  meal  for  one  part  of  the  ground  corn 
of  the  ration  in  the  fourth  test  period  further  reduced  the  differences 
in  the  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance  that  were  due  to  differences  in 
the  amount  of  feed  consumed,  and  increased  the  digestibility  of  the  dry 
substance,  particularly  in  the  case  of  the  heavier  rations. 

'Mo.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Ees.  Bui.  4. 


1914]  DIGESTIBILITY  OP  EATIONS  FOR  STEERS  251 

COEFFICIENTS  OF  DIGESTIBILITY  OF  CAKBOHYDEATES 

Iii  Table  6  are  given  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the. carbohy- 
drates by  periods.  These  data  were  computed  from  the  weekly  data 
given  in  Table  5,  page  273  of  the  Appendix  and  represented  graph- 
ically by  Fig.  3  of  the  Appendix.  The  average  coefficients  are  repre- 
sented in  Fig.  5. 

The  effects  of  the  character  of  the  ration  and  of  the  amounts  of 
feed  consumed  upon  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  carbohy- 
drates were  practically  the  same  as  those  upon  the  coefficients  of 
digestibility  of  the  dry  substance  described  above. 

When  the  ration  consisted  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in  the 
ratio  of  1:1,  and  varied  from  maintenance  to  full  feed,  the  coefficients 
of  digestibility  of  the  carbohydrates  varied  inversely  as  the  amounts 
of  feed  consumed.  When  the  ratio  of  hay  to  corn  was  changed  to  1 :3, 
the  relations  of  the  coefficients  remained  essentially  the  same  as  they 
had  been  in  the  first  test  period,  except  that  the  difference  between  the 
values  for  the  two  animals  in  the  full-feed  lot  was  much  increased,  and 
hence,  the  two-thirds-feed  lot  and  the  full-feed  lot  were  not  essentially 
different.  When  the  ratio  of  hay  to  corn  was  changed  to  1:5,  and 
also  when  linseed  oil  meal  was  substituted  for  one  part  of  the  ground 
corn,  practically  no  differences  in  the  coefficients  were  produced  by 
differences  in  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed. 

COEFFICIENTS  OF  DIGESTIBILITY  OF  CRUDE  PROTEIN 

The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  crude  protein  are  given  in 
Table  7.  The  detailed  weekly  data  are  given  in  Table  6  of  the  Appen- 
dix, page  275,  and  are  represented  graphically  by  Figs.  4  and  5  also 
of  the  Appendix. 

Effect  of  Character  of  Ration 

The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  crude  protein,  like  those  of 
the  dry  substance  and  carbohydrates,  increased  from  the  first  to  the 
third  test  period  as  the  proportion  of  clover  hay  in  the  ration  was  de- 
creased and  the  proportion  of  ground  corn  increased.  In  the  fourth 
test  period  there  was  a  still  further  increase,  due  to  the  greater  diges- 
tibility of  the  protein  of  the  linseed  oil  meal  as  compared  with  that 
of  the  ground  corn. 


BULLETIN    No.    172 


[June, 


w 

H 

< 
te 
Q 
P 

a 

o 

C? 

ft 

•< 
O 

§    ? 


H        )H 

s  s. 

g-9 

%  ^ 


*  a 

3 
CO 

rH 

0  CO    b- 

b-  ^   m 

O  CM    CO 
rH  Oq    rH 

*f  OS     rH 
OO  b-    00 

rH  CO  l^ 

oq  in  oo 

CO 
-s 

in 

71 

2 

co  rH   oq 
ao  co   oo 

rH  OJ    O 
OO  b-    00 

0  •*    b- 
OO  b-    b- 

oq  »n  co 

CO  b-  b- 

z. 
I- 

to 

S 

rH 

CO  rH    CO 

O  O    0 

b-  rH    OJ 
CJ  IO    CO 

CO  O    CO 

00  00    00 

OJ  CD  OJ 
b*  ^1  Q 

CT5 
0 

EH 

OJ 

rH 

•*  oJ   co 

00  00    00 

rH  OJ    O 
00  t-    00 

oo  ?I   c^ 

00  b*  b* 

s 

i  'g  >i 

•o 

CM 

rH 

b-  -^   in 

OJ  CO    CD 

in  m   o 

b-  CO    b— 

OO  CO    b- 
t--  b-    b- 

CJ  b-  CO 

rH  CD  -^ 

CO 

^-  * 

01 

rH 

Oq  O     rH 
00  00    00 

O  00    OJ 
CO  b-    b- 

O  •*!    b- 
OO  b-    b- 

rH  in  co 

00  b-  b- 

O5 

'S  c3 
PI  PI 

-H 
C-1 

CD 
0 

in  o   oq 

rH  rH    O 

OJ  -*l    CO 

oq  in   co 

CO  00    O 

rH  CO  00 

in  oo  co 

oo 

CO 

M 

CM 

rH 

co  oq   oj 

00  00    00 

rH  OJ    O 
00  b-    CO 

rH  Oq    b- 
00  b-    b- 

CO  O  •* 
b-  b-  b- 

or. 

^  S) 

01 

CM 

0 

s,s  s 

oj  "^   co 
co  oq   ••* 

•^  CO    rH 

oq  oq   co 

rH  b-  CO 

m  co  cs 

1-4 

eo 

^  * 

rH 

rH 

oq  oq   oq 

00  00    CO 

CO  O    OS 
b-  CO    b- 

0  r*H    b- 

OO  b-    b- 

b-  O  CO 
b-  b-  b- 

y. 

tg 

ol 

O 

-H  CO    CO 

co  b-   in 

TH  OJ    00 

00  OJ    CO 

CO  OJ    IO 
CO  00    (M 

OJ  b-  00 
0  O  0 

CO 

05 
rH 

rH 

OJ  OJ   OJ 

00  00    00 

00  OJ    OJ 
C-  t-   |> 

OJ  ^fl    b- 

00  O  "* 
b-  b-  t> 

CO 
b- 

O  -rj   >1 

rH  Pj  rH 

ao 

0 

£5  co 

00  b-    03 
CO  CO    CO 

CC  rH    CO 

co  oj  co 

m 
eo 

i~ 

oq  oq   oq 

00  O    O5 

rH  CO    b- 

CO  O  CO 

cc 

CO 

S  PI 

CD 

i-H 

O 
OJ 

CO  O    b- 

rr  Oq    rH 

b-  co   oq 

O  rH    rH 

01  03    0 
Tt*  rH    00 

CO  00  CO 

ro  OS  CD 

5 

rt  o 

•—  1 

CO 
rH 

r-i  co   oq 

00  co   oo 

blS    b? 

CO  rH     CO 
b-  b-    b- 

b-  CO  CO 

it? 
t  ~ 

PS, 

CO 

rH 

O 

CD  rH    CO 
b-  O    CO 

co  m   ^Jf 
m  m   m 

oo  oq   in 
o  •*   oq 

in  -*  o 
oo  cj  oj 

[^ 

CO 

rH 

-H  co   oq 

CO  00    00 

co  •*   m 

b-  b-    b- 

CO  rH    Oq 

CO  CO  00 
b-  CO  CO 

-t 
i> 

1 

CO 
rH 

O 

IO  rH    00 
O  t>    00 

t-  l>    t- 

rH  OJ    IO 

•*  CD    0 
i-H  CO    •«* 

^fl  CO  OJ 

eo  O  eo 

S 

EH 

0 

rH 

iH 

rH  OJ    r-t 
00  00    00 

CD  ^H    IO 

CO  rH    OJ 

"*  CO  CO 
b-  CD  CO 

? 

£'a  fr 

o-. 

O 

CD  CJ    t— 

rH  IO    CO 

in  oq   oo 
oq  b-   -^ 

00  •*    CO 
OJ  OJ    CJ 

b-  CO  rH 

CO  b-  CO 

CO 

o 

*-  * 

90 

rH 

CO  CO    CO 
CO  OO    OO 

b-  co   m 
b-  b-   b- 

CXI  O    rH 

oq'  in  os' 

b-  CO  CO 

LO 

GO  C3 

Pt  Pi 

f- 

O 
OJ 

in  oj   oq 

•^  b-    rH 

O  00    OJ 

cj  oq   in 

rH  CO    rH 

oq  oj   oq 

rH  CO  rH 

co  in  os 

to 

C3  0 

EH- 

« 

rH 
rH 

in  00    b- 

rH  rH     rH 
b-  b-    b- 

oq'  oq"   oq 

oo  in  co' 

CD  CO  CO 

rH 
t> 

®  §> 

IO 

O 

CD  O    00 

CO  O    CO 
b-  rH    CJ 

oq  oq   oq 

b-  b-    Oq 

CO  rH 

01 

4  « 

l-l 

rH 

CO  •*    CO 
b-  b*    b- 

oq  i-   oj 

b»  CO    CO 

OO  b-    OO 
CD  CD    CO 

b-'  CO 

co  co 

cr. 
te 

fS 

10 

O 

•*  b-   IO 

IO  rH    00 

O  IO    CJ 
t-  b.    t- 

t>  rH    rj) 
IO  OJ    CJ 

O  t*  00 

00  rH  ** 

CO 

o 

EH 

CO 

rH 

t-  b-    b- 

OJ  0    rH 

O  OJ    O 
t-  CO    b- 

00  CO  b- 

CD  CD  CO 

rH 
b- 

2'S   r? 

01 

O 

oq  •<*<   co 
co  ,-o   co 

in  ^^   ^ 

co  co   oq 

m  co   oj 

OJ  -*    rH 

O  • 

CS  • 

01 

^3  § 

H 

rH 

oq  oq   oq 

b-  b-    b- 

l^  CO    CO 

in  •*'   in 

CO  CD    CO 

in  ' 

CD 

C 

p 

O 
-t-i 

d 

o 

O  rH 

O  CO 
CO  CO 

CO  OS 
CD  CD 
CO  CO 

<a 
&  ^ 

oq  in 

in  co 

co  co 

CO  rH 
CO  CO 
CO  CO 

*-. 

CO  r- 

o 

"rt 

H 

b 
6 

CM 

Experiinen 

I? 

0 

o 

Is 
K 

Maintenance  . 

j  > 

Average  

<w  ^ 
i  -    o> 

3"   bt 

PJ  ~     ^ 

o"  < 

«:     ! 

r  | 

o>  *•    tuc 

"H  83 

rC  "  •< 

Grand  average 

1014} 


DIGESTIBILITY  OF  RATIONS  FOR  STEERS 


253 


*    §0 

p 

rH 

O  OJ         OJ 
CO  OO         IO 

-*  IO  OJ 

CO  IO  O 

OJ  0  t- 

CO  •*  0 

CO  OJ          b- 

TjH  CO          OO 

CD 

•3  * 

IO 
01 

rH 

O  00         OJ 
b-  CO         CO 

CO  b-  b- 

tO  CD  O 

CO  IO  CO 
CO  CO  CD 

O  IO           b- 

b-  CD         CO 

CO 

4* 

B 

0 

rH 

CO  •*         CO 
OJ  •*         CO 

IO  rH  CO 
IO  O5  b- 

o  oj  co 

00  io  CD 

OJ  (M        OJ 
O>  IO        OJ 

OJ 

EH 

OJ 

rH 

rH  OJ         0 
t*  CD         b- 

CD  CO  b- 

CD  CO  CD 

b-  tO  CD 

CD  CD  CD 

o  to      co 

b-  CD         CO 

CO 
CD 

i-gb 

CO 

CM 

rH 

IO  00         rH 

co  eq  oq 

CO  00  CO 

CO  CO  OJ 
-*  CO  00 

•*  rH          b- 

-*  OJ          rH 

0 
IO 

*33 

10 
CM 

rH 

OO  b-          OO 

CO  "*  io 

CO  CO  CO 

T}H  IO  -# 

CO  CD  CO 

OJ  -*          b- 

co  co       co 

CD 

CO 

11 

a 

O 

IO  OJ         CO 

Cq  TH          CO 

OJ  b-  CO 

O  rH  CO 

rH  OO  OJ 
CD  CO  OJ 

CO  OJ         CO 
b-  CO          O 

eo 

CD 

^  '-£ 

TO 

5? 

rH 

£3    S 

•^  rH  OJ 

co  co  co 

OJ  OJ  O 
CO  IO  CO 

rH  O          rH 
CO  CO          CO 

OJ 

CO 

g  « 

OJ 

01 

O 

OO  IO          rH 
b-  CO         OO 

CO  CO  IO 
b-  b-  b- 

rH  IO  OJ 

•^  oq  oo 

IO  rH          CO 
b-  b-           b- 

CO 
Ol 

•5  rt 

rH 

rH 

rH  rH          rH 
IO  IO         IO 

O1  •*  CO 
IO  IO  IO 

OJ  O  OJ 

T^  IO  '^ 

rH  b-          OJ 
IO  Tfl          •* 

T-H 

ta 

co 

OJ 

O 

^  co      co 

CJ  IO         C- 

CJ  O  ~f 
0  OJ  CD 

tO  b-  CO 

CD  •*  o 

S$          § 

CO 
CO 

EH 

02 

rH 

rH 

OJ  OJ        <N 

IO  IO        IO 

Tjt  IO  T»( 

IO  tO  to 

O  rH  rH 
IO  IO  IO 

CO  CO         rH 
IO  •*         io 

OJ 

10 

i.i  >» 
^  S 

CO 

rH 

0 

IO  O           b- 

O  CO  CO 
O  OJ  OJ 

rH  O  IO 

cs  oo  co 

Ob-          OO 

OO  rH         OJ 

0 

*S  a 

rH 

rH 

OJ  O         OJ 
^  IO         ^ 

O  CO  rH 
IO  IO  IO 

to  b-  b- 

b-  CO          CD 

o 

'55  13 

a  a 

CO 
H 

O 

,O  OJ           rH 

00  CD  b- 
OJ  OJ  "rfl 

b-  00  OJ 
IO  OJ  OJ 

Tjf  O          CXI 
OJ  OJ          Ol 

•OJ 

03   0 

H- 

rH 

CO 
i-H 

00         0 
IO  IO         IO 

rH  Tt*  CO 
IO  IO  IO 

OJ  CD  b- 

oo  oj      io 

OJ 

g  ® 

CO 

0 

CO  O          rH 
b-  IO          rH 

•*  00  rH 
CD  W  CO 

IO  b-  b- 

IO  b-  CD 

IO  Od         CO 

OJ  CO          rH 

CO 

•<  d 

CO 

rH 

00  rH           O 

r-H  CO  OJ 
IO  10  10 

CO  o'  OJ 
rH  IO  •* 

IO  OJ         •* 

$ 

to 

CO 
rH 

O 

8£    $ 

CO  CO  O 

OS  GO  ^ 

OJ  O  OJ 

CO  OS         CO 
b-  CO         b- 

OJ 

co 

EH 

0 
rH 

H 

3§    3 

rH  Tji  CO 
1C  IO  tO 

CO  rH  OJ 
T(t  tO  Tjl 

IO  CO         TJ< 

5 

£'i      r? 

O 

O 

CO  OJ         00 
00  O         Tfl 

IO  CO  rH 
OJ  O  O 

b-  00  OJ 

b-  eq  o 

CO  00         CO 
OJ  IO        OJ 

iH 

CD 

^  a 

00 

H 

CO  rj(          rH 

O  rH  rH 
IO  IO  IO 

b-  O  OJ 
^  IO  Tfl 

CO  OJ         OJ 

^  CO         ^^ 

00 

'OQ  'ol 

a  n 

b- 

O 
OJ 

OJ  OJ         IO 
Tfl  OJ         CO 

OJ  CO  rH 
OO  OJ  -^H 

co  co  co 

O  ^  OJ 

CO  b-          rH 
O  rH          rH 

CO 

IO 

03    0 

EH- 

:o 

rH 
rH 

OJ  O         CO 

rH  00  IO 

i*CO  ^ 

-^  co      o 

CO 

^   §0 

10 

O 

OJ  rH           IO 
CO  CO         CO 

CO  CO  OJ 
OJ  rH  rH 

rH  rH  CO 
CO  b-  CD 

rH       •               • 

CO       • 

00 
IO 

•3  rt 

i-H 

rH 

CO  O         CO 
-H4  IO          ^ 

00  TtH  CD 

rH  rH  rH 

"*       ' 

3 

1 

10 

O 

b-  rH          CO 

tO  N  *H 

CD  •*  IO 

§OJ         CO 
•^      10 

CO  CO         IO 

10 
OJ 

h 

co 

rH 

£2ES     12 

™   ^»           TJ« 

^!§  3 

(M  OJ  OJ 

rH  OJ         0 
^Ji  CO         ^Jf 

CO 

2'i  b 

01 

O 

OJ  t^         OJ 

rH  CO          OO 

CO  00  b- 

rH  rH  CO 

O  •*  b- 

oq  io  co 

IO      • 

to    • 

eo 

cr 

*:=*  a 

H 

rH 

CO  •*          OO 

10  oj  co 

IO  -*  -^ 

00  0 

w    I         ' 

10 

5 

I 

0 

a 

O 
0 

O  CD 
IO  IO 

CO  CO 

02              ' 

CD  OJ 

CO  CO 
CO  CO 

92 

03  to 

IO  CO 

CO  CD 

jr., 
|- 

02 

co  I-H         ; 

CO  CD 

CD  CO 

02        : 

o 

rt 

-1 

•rt 

£ 

Experiment 

O 

o 

<t 
PH 

Maintenance  .  . 
j  > 

Average  •. 

.M  *•  ® 

h 

o"  < 

o>  ^ 

01  , 

cc  * 

o  ^ 

3  *~           > 

Grand  average. 

254  BULLETIN    No.    172  [June, 

Effect  of  Amounts  of  Feed  Consumed 

First  Test  Period. — The  coefficients  obtained  for  the  four  lots  in 
the  first  test  period  were  as  follows :  maintenance  lot,  45.48 ;  one-third- 
feed  lot,  44.54;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  42.52;  and  full-feed  lot,  40.45. 
The  coefficients  for  the  single  animals  were :  in  the  maintenance  lot, 
43.57  and  47.41 ;  in  the  one-third-feed  lot,  43.65  and  45.42 ;  in  the  two- 
thirds-feed  lot,  42.55  and  42.49;  and  in  the  full-feed  lot,  41.48  and 
39.43.  Except  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot,  the  differences  within  the 
lots  were  so  large  that  the  differences  between  the  lots  were  not  signifi- 
cant. It  seems  worthy  of  note,  however,  that,  in  general,  the  coefficients 
for  the  individual  animals  of  any  one  lot  did  not  fall  within  the  range 
of  those  of  any  other  lot  except  in  the  case  of  the  maintenance  lot,  one 
coefficient  of  which  was  lower  than  one,  and  practically  the  same  as  the 
other,  coefficient  of  the  one-third-feed  lot. 

From  these  facts  it  may  be  concluded  that  in  the  first  test  period, 
the  amount  of  feed  consumed  exerted  little,  if  any,  influence  upon 
the  apparent  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  crude  protein. 

Second  Test  Period. — In  the  second  test  period  the  following  aver- 
age coefficients  were  obtained :  maintenance  lot,  49.42 ;  one-third-feed 
lot,  53.40;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  49.99;  and  full-feed  lot,  44.73.  The 
last  three  values  varied  inversely  as  the  amount  of  feed  consumed. 
The  coefficient  of  the  maintenance  lot  was  lower  than  that  of  the  two- 
thirds-feed  lot.  The  coefficients  for  the  individual  animals  were  as 
follows :  in  the  maintenance  lot,  48.65  and  50.21 ;  in  the  one-third-feed 
lot,  51.98  and  54.83 ;  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot,  48.94  and  51.04;  and  in 
the  full-feed  lot,  45.78  and  43.69.  Those  of  the  full-feed  lot  were 
fairly  distinct.  The  coefficient  of  No.  665  of  the  two-thirds-feed  lot 
was  very  near  that  of  No.  666  of  the  one-third-feed  lot.  The  values 
for  the  animals  of  the  maintenance  lot  were  not  distinct  from  those 
for  the  animals  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot.  Accordingly,  it  seems  that 
the  amounts  of  feed  consumed  had  little,  if  any,  effect  in  the  second 
test  period  upon  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  crude  protein. 

Third  Test  Period. — In  the  third  test  period  the  following  average 
coefficients  were  obtained  for  the  different  lots:  maintenance  lot, 
52.73;  one-third-feed  lot,  54.64;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  51.06;  and  full- 
feed  lot,  51.09.  The  values  for  the  two-thirds  and  full-feed  lots,  there- 
fore, were  practically  the  same,  while  the  value  for  the  one-third-feed 
lot  was  the  highest,  and  that  for  the  maintenance  lot,  the  next  highest. 
The  coefficients  for  the  individual  animals  in  the  third  period  were: 
in  the  maintenance  lot,  52.94  and  52.53 ;  in  the  one-third-feed  lot,  54.09 
and  55.20 ;  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot,  50.65  and  51.47 ;  and  in  the  full- 
feed  lot,  53.72  and  48.47.  From  a.  comparison  of  these  values  it  is  evi- 
dent that  the  full-feed  lot  was  not  essentially  different  from  any  of 
the  other  lots,  and  that  there  was  not  much  difference  between  the 
maintenance,  the  one-third,  and  the  two-thirds-feed  lots.  Accordingly, 


1914]  DIGESTIBILITY  ov  RATIONS  FOR  STEERS  255 

in  the  third  test  period,  no  essential  difference  in  the  digestibility  of 
the  crude  protein  resulted  from  differences  in  the  amounts  of  feed 
consumed. 

Fourth  Test  Period. — The  coefficients  for  the  four  lots  in  the  last 
test  period  were  as  follows :  maintenance  lot,  70.33 ;  one-third-feed  lot, 
67.73 ;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  66.66 ;  and  full-feed  lot,  68.22.  In  this  case, 
therefore,  the  coefficient  of  the  maintenance  lot  was  the  highest,  and 
was  followed  by  those  of  the  full-feed  lot,  the  one-third-feed  lot,  and 
the  two-thirds-feed  lot  in  the  order  named.  The  coefficients  for  the 
individual  animals  of  each  lot  were:  in  the  maintenance  lot,  71.23 
and  69.44 ;  in  the  one-third-feed  lot,  66.55  and  68.91 ;  in  the  two-thirds- 
feed  lot,  67.80  and  65.52 ;  and  in  the  full-feed  lot,  70.92  and  65.52. 
From  these  values  it  is  evident  that  the  differences  within  the  lots 
were  so  great  that  the  differences  between  the  lots  were  not  significant. 
Therefore,  also  in  the  fourth  test  period,  the  digestibility  of  the  crude 
protein  was  not  affected  by  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed. 

Summary. — When  the  rations  consisted  of  clover  hay  and  ground 
corn  in  ratios  varying  from  1 :1  to  1 :5,  or  of  clover  hay,  ground  corn, 
and  linseed  oil  meal  in  the  ratio  of  1 :4 :1,  and  varied  in  amount  from 
maintenance  to  full  feed,  the  amount  of  feed  consumed  seemed  to  exert 
little,  if  any,  influence  upon  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the 
crude  protein. 

In  the  study  of  these  data  it  will  be  noted  that  the  metabolic  nitro- 
gen of  the  feces  has  been  included  with  the  undigested  nitrogen.  It  is 
probable  that  the  metabolic  nitrogen  may  have  had  an  appreciable  in- 
fluence on  the  relative  positions  of  the  lots,  but  there  is  no  very  defi- 
nite evidence  in  the  data  to  indicate  that  such  was  the  case. 


COEFFICIENTS  OF  "DIGESTIBILITY  OF  FAT 

The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  fat  by  periods  are  given  in 
Table  8.  The  weekly  data  from  which  these  coefficients  were  derived 
are  represented  graphically  by  Figs.  4  and  5  of  the  Appendix,  and 
are  given  in  Table  7,  page  277  of  the  Appendix. 

Effect  of  Character  of  Ration 

Like  the  coefficients  for  the  dry  substance,  carbohydrates,  and  pro- 
tein, the  coefficients  for  the  fat  increased  as  the  proportion  of  rough- 
age in  the  ration  was  decreased  and  the  proportion  of  concentrates  in- 
creased. The  marked  rise  in  the  graph  (Fig.  5,  Appendix)  represent- 
ing the  average  coefficient  from  the  twenty-first  to  the  twenty-fourth 
weeks  was  due  largely  to  a  very  great  increase  in  the  coefficient  of 
digestibility  for  Steer  661. 


256 


BULLETIN    No.    172 


[June, 


O     "72 


«  bo 

o' 

c-p 
eq 

rH 

rH 

m  10  10 

o  eg  co 

TH  OS  CO 
rH  OS  IO 

CO  TH         IO 

eq  o       <o 

OS  CD  b- 

co  cq  os 

CO 

Tf 

TH  IO  TH 

00  00  00 

IO  rH  CO 
00  00  00 

co  TH       eo 

00  00          00 

TH  OS  r-l 
30  b-  00 

to 

cc 

4* 

% 

EH 

0 

i 

00  00  00 
CO  CO  CO 
CO  IO  TH 
CO  CO  CO 

CD  rH  00 
CO  TH  CO 

CO  CO         CO 
rH  TH         CO 

OS  iH  O 
CM  OS  CD 

o 

CO  00  00 

CO  CO         CO 
00  00         00 

TH  CD  6 
CO  b.  00 

00 

ill 

?i 

0 

eq 

rH 

b-  00  b- 

CO  OS  rH 

OS  TH  rH 
CO  rH  OS 

O  I—         OO 

TH  IH       eg 

oo  co  eq 

TH  CS  b- 

E: 

00  00  00 

CO  CO  TH 
00  00  00 

CO  IO         TH 
00  00          00 

10  co  TH 

00  00  00 

cc 

Transi- 
tional 

eq 

CO 

eq 

CO 

6 

rH 

eq  to  cs 

00  IO  rH 

b-  IO  rH 
rH  CO  TH 

•<H  b-        O 
OS  TH        b- 

os  o  os 

00  b-  b. 

ei 

c 

b-  TH  CO 

oo  oo  oo 

b*  rH  TH 

oo  oo  oo 

IO  IO         IO 

oo  co      oo 

in  eo  Os 

OO  b-  b- 

cc 

•-    ® 

•M 

^H 

0 
IO 

rH 

TH  OO  O 

rH  TH  CO 

eg  oo  TH 
os  iq  eq 

b-  OS         CO 
CD  b-         b- 

^H  CO  b- 
TH  rH  b- 

to 
cq 

CO  CO  CO 
00  00  00 

co  co  10 

00  00  00 

CO  CO          CO 
00  OO          00 

Cq  rH  rH 
00  TH  CO 

a. 

0> 

EH 

cq 

Cq 
rH 

O 
IO 

CS  rH  O 
CD  b-  CM 

CS  CM  IO 
IO  C-  CD 

IO  CO         CD 
CM  00         IO 

rH  LO  CO 
rH  CO  CO 

m 

TH 

CD  IO  CO 

00  CO  CO 

CD  CM  TH 
CO  00  CO 

CO  CO         CO 
00  CO         00 

CM  TH  CO 
CO  TH  CD 

05 
b- 

ill 

00 

—  H 

—  1 

0 
IO 

rH 

CO  O  rH 
00  10 

CO  O  CO 
IO  CO  TH 

CO  OS          IO 
IO  IO        O 

rH  CO  TH 

00  IO 

~- 

IO  OO  CD 
CO  OO  OO 

b-  IO  CO 

00  00  00 

co  oo      co 

CO  TH  00 

oo  co  10 

CC 

b- 

a  a 

rt    O 

CO 
•-1 

4 

H 

O 

os 

CO* 
rH 

to  eg  TH 
oo  to  eg 

CO  CO  CO 
b-  CD  b- 

O  CO          rH 
CO  b-          IO 

IO  rH  CO 

eg  cq  t» 

10 

C 

co  eq  co 
x  oo  oo 

TH  cq  co 

30  00  CO 

eq  eg       cq 

00  00          00 

rH  TH  Cq 
b-  IO  CD 

oc 

{*     S 

o>  bo 

CO 
rH 

00 

0 

CO 

b-  OS  00 

eq  eq  eg 

00  00  CO 
OS  00  OS 

THOS         rH' 

eq  os  o 
co  os  eo 

ac 

OS  b-  CO 

OS  OS  OS 

b-  OS         OO 

OS  O  IO 

to  co  CD 

id 

ts 

s 

co 

tH 

O 
rH 

o 

CO 

rH 

0  10  t- 
O  OS  OS 

rH  OS  IO 
TH  O  CM 

rH  OS         TH 
t>  10         rH 

CM  d  cq 

t*  rH  OS 

co 

0  C-  00 
00  t>  C- 

66  6 

CO  00  00 

CO  i-i         6 
t-  CO         00 

CD  CD  CO 

82 

III 

00 

O 

CO 
rH 

rH  I—  OS 

00  OS  00 

o  to  oo 
IH  TH  eq 

00         IO 

CO  CO          OS 

eq  co  b- 

TH  b-  0 

cc 

b-  IO  CD 
b-  b-  b- 

os  os  os 

b-  b-  b- 

TH  IO         TH 
b-  b-          b- 

CO  TH  TH 
b-  IO  CO 

re 

'S    C3 

3  n 

CS    O 

*"*  *r^ 

b- 

to 

O 
OS 

rH 
•H 

b-  CO  -H 

eg  co  oo 

IO  to  IO 

CO  b-  O 

00  TH           rH 
Ob-           OS 

as  eq  in 

CO 

to 

to  10  10 

b-  b-  b- 

OS  CO  OS 
b-  b-  b- 

to  CO        .TH 
b-  b-         b- 

OO  rH  TH 

to  co  co 

eo 

b- 

>l 

3 

0 

I—  1 

00  TH  rH 
OS  00  OS 

eq  os  10 

TH  IO         TH 

eq  co      os 

09  •  • 

eq  • 

00 

o: 

eg'  TH  co 

oo  eq  m 

eq  co       eg 

co'  ;  * 

b- 

£ 

CO 

9 

EH 

10 

co 

o 

rH 

rH 

rnS  8 

TH  CO  O 
rH  CM  CS! 

CO  IO        TH 
CO  CD         CM 

C5  CO  rH 
rH  CD  OS 

cq 

co  co  co 

t-  t>  b» 

CO  CM  TH 
b-  O  b. 

<M  rH         (M 
b-  b-         |> 

CO  TH  CO 

C-  CD  CD 

S 

i-i  >» 

eq 
iH 

O 

rH 

b-  IO  rH 

CO  rH  TH 

10  eg  co 

00  00  CO 

CO  CO          OS 

b-  •  • 

eq  • 

to 

c-. 

Tf' 

eg  co  TH 

rH  CO          CO 

b-  * 

.2 

"E 

Experimental  weeks 

O 

1=1 
O 

°"i 

o 

o 

•  l-i 

o  co 

IO  IO 

to  co 

t-, 

02 

CO  OS 

co  co 

to  CD 

y>  ^ 

eg  m 

10  co 
to  co 

03 

CO  rH 
CD  CD 

CO  CO 
U>                     ' 

02  • 

Maintenance  .  .  . 

>  •> 

Average  

®  - 

0>- 
<H 

^H    -                     <C 

!"  \ 

o  < 

Two-thirds  feed. 

>  >  }  >  >  > 

Average  

13 

fli  —              CO 

o>  *-          be 

Grand  average.  .  . 

DIGESTIBILITY  OF  EATIONS  FOR  STEERS  257 

Effect  of  Amounts  of  Feed  Consumed 

First  Test  Period. — The  coefficients  representing'  the  lots  in  the 
first  test  period  were  as  follows :  maintenance  lot,  73.58 ;  one-third-feed 
lot,  74.20;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  72.24;  and  full-feed  lot,  68.91.  In  the 
case  of  the  one-third-feed,  the  two-thirds-feed,  and  the  full-feed  lots, 
the  average  coefficients  varied  inversely  as  the  amount  of  feed  con- 
sumed. The  coefficient  for  the  maintenance  lot  fell  between  that  of  the 
two-thirds-feed  lot  and  that  of  the  one-third-feed  lot.  The  values  for 
the  individual  animals  were :  in  the  maintenance  lot,  73.19  and  73.97 ; 
in  the  one-third-feed  lot,  76.14  and  72.26;  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot, 
72.83  and  71.65 ;  and  in  the  full-feed  lot,  73.19  and  64.63.  The  differ- 
ence between  the  coefficients  for  the  two  animals  in  the  full-feed  lot 
was  large,  the  coefficient  for  No.  661  being  much  lower  than  any  of 
the  others  in  the  four  lots,  and  the  coefficient  for  No.  663  being  exceeded 
by  only  two  others,  one  each  in  the  one-third-feed  and  the  maintenance 
lots.  In  view  of  these  relations  of  the  coefficients  for  the  individual 
animals,  it  seems  that  in  the  first  test  period  the  amount  of  feed  con- 
sumed was  not  an  appreciable  factor  in  determining  the  lot  differences. 

Second  Test  Period. — In  the  second  test  period,  the  coefficients  by 
lots  were :  maintenance  lot,  78.97  ;  one-third-feed  lot,  80.25  ;  two-thirds- 
fecd  lot,  80.14;  and  full-feed  lot,  65.92.  The.  differences  between  the 
maintenance,  the  one-third-feed,  and  the  two-thirds-feed  lots  were 
very  slight — less  than  might  have  been  produced  by  the  difference  in 
coefficients  for  the  single  animals  in  each  lot.  The  average  for  the 
full-feed  lot  was  much  lower  than  any  of  the  other  lot  averages,  as 
both  of  its  coefficients  were  low.  The  significance  of  this  difference 
between  the  full-feed  lot  and  the  other  lots  is  doubtful  with  respect 
to  the  amount  of  feed  as  a  cause. 

Third  Test  Period. — During  the  third  test  period,  the  coefficients 
of  digestibility  of  the  fat  were  as  follows :  maintenance  lot,  86.20 ; 
one-third-feed  lot,  84.65 ;  two-thirds-fecd  lot,  83.56 ;  and  full-feed  lot, 
63.38.  The  coefficients  for  the  maintenance,  the  one-third-feed,  and 
the  two-thirds-feed  lots  were  practically  the  same  in  value,  while  the 
average  for  the  full-feed  lot  was  markedly  lower.  The  coefficients  for 
the  individual  animals  within  the  lots  were:  in  the  maintenance  lot, 
86.69  and  85.71 ;  in  the  one-third-feed  lot,  86.59  and  82.72 ;  in  the  two- 
thirds-feed  lot,  83.25  and  83.88;  and  in  the  full-feed  lot,  82.11  and 
44.65.  The  difference  between  the  full-feed  lot  and  the  others  was 
due  entirely  to  the  fact  that  the  value  for  Animal  661  was  very  low, 
and  the  coefficient  for  Animal  663  not  any  higher  than  the  values  in 
the  other  lots.  From  all  of  these  data,  therefore,  it  seems  that  the 
variation  in  the  amounts  of  feed  was  not  the  cause  of  the  lot  differ- 
ences. 


258  BULLETIN    No.    172  [June, 

Fourth  Test  Period. — The  lot  coefficients  in  the  fourth  test  period 
were:  maintenance  lot,  84.38;  one-third-feed  lot,  82.88;  two-thirds- 
feed  lot,  83.33 ;  and  full-feed  lot,  80.60.  The  coefficients  for  the  indi- 
vidual animals  were :  in  the  maintenance  lot,  83.38  and  85.38 ;  in  the 
one-third-feed  lot,  84.36  and  81.41;  in  the  two-thirds-feed  lot,  83.18 
and  83.48;  and  in  the  full-feed  lot,  84.29  and  76.91.  Accordingly,  in 
the  fourth  test  period  there  was  little  difference  between  the  lots,  and 
the  amount  of  feed  consumed  exerted  practically  no  effect  upon  the 
digestibility  of  the  fat  when  the  ration  consisted  of  clover  hay,  ground 
corn,  and  linseed  oil  meal  in  the  ratio  of  1:4:1,  and  varied  from  main- 
tenance to  full  feed. 

Summary. — There  was  little  evidence  that  the  coefficients  of  diges- 
tibility of  the  fat  were  very  greatly  influenced  by  the  amount  of  feed 
consumed.  While  during  the  major  part  of  the  experiment  the  values 
obtained  for  the  full-feed  animals  were  appreciably  lower  than  those 
obtained  for  the  other  lots,  the  great  irregularity  of  the  variations 
detracts  from  their  significance  with  respect  to  the  effect  of  the 
amounts  of  feed  consumed.  Moreover,  the  fluctuations  were  not  very 
closely  correlated  with  the  variations  in  the  consumption  of  fat  or  the 
variations  in  the  consumption  of  feed. 

SUGGESTIONS  IN  KEGAKD  TO  METHODS  OF  CONDUCTING  DIGESTION 

EXPEEIMENTS 

In  studying  the  data  obtained  in  this  experiment  it  will  be  noted 
that  any  marked  change  in  the  conditions  under  which  the  animals 
were  kept  resulted  in  more  or  less  marked  fluctuations  in  the  coeffi- 
cients of  digestibility  of  one  or  more  of  the  nutrients.  Thus,  there 
was  a  fluctuation  in  the  first  preliminary  period  when  the  steers  were 
becoming  accustomed  to  the  conditions  under  which  the  experiment 
was  conducted,  and  also  during,  or  immediately  following,  every  tran- 
sitional period  in  which  a  change  was  made  in  the  character  of  the 
ration.  Usually  these  fluctuations  subsided  at  the  end  of  a  week,  but 
in  some  cases  they  could  be  noted  during  the  second  subsequent  week. 
From  these  facts,  therefore,  it  is  evident  that  whenever  in  a  digestion 
experiment  a  change  is  made  in  the  conditions  of  the  experiment,  the 
transitional  period  should  be  followed  by  a  preliminary  period  two 
weeks  in  length  before  the  test  period  is  begun,  and  that  the  ration  fed 
in  the  preliminary  period  should  be  uniform  in  amount  and  character 
with  that  fed  in  the  test  period. 

There  will  also  be  noted  in  a  study  of  the  data  of  this  experiment  a 
considerable  fluctuation  in  the  coefficients  from  week  to  week  which 
was  not  confined  to  any  particular  period,  nutrient,  or  animal.  The 
variation  in  successive  weeks  of  the  test  period  at  times  was  as  great 
as  3  to  8  percent.  From  the  data  at  hand  its  cause  is  rather  difficult 
to  determine.  It  may  have  been  the  result  of  variations  in  the  amounts 


1914]  DIGESTIBILITY  OF  RATIONS  FOB  STKERS  259 

an*-    ** 

of  the  feeds  digested,  due  to  variations  in  the  nature  and  amounts  of 
the  digestive  juices  secreted,  and  possibly  also  to  other  factors,  such 
as  differences  in  the  rate  or  completeness  of  absorption.  It  is  most 
probable,  however,  that  it  was  caused  largely  by  irregularities  in  the 
time  that  elapsed  between  the  ingestion  of  the  feed  and  the  appearance 
of  the  resulting  feces.  If  the  feces  were  formed  and  voided  rather 
rapidly  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  and  slowly  at  the  end  of  the  week, 
it  is  probable  that  the  coefficients  were  too  high  to  represent  the  actual 
amounts  of  nutrients  digested.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  feces  were 
formed  and  voided  slowly  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  and  rapidly 
at  the  end,  the  coefficients  were  probably  too  low  to  represent  the 
actual  digestibility.  In  the  first  case  less  of  the  undigested  residue 
from  the  feed  of  the  previous  week  would  have  been  found  in  the. 
feces  for  the  test  week  than  would  have  been  carried  over  from  the 
test  week  to  the  week  following.  As  a  result,  the  amount  of  un- 
digested residue  in  the  feces  voided  during  the  week  would  have  been 
smaller  than  the  amount  derived  from  the  feed  for  that  week.  In 
the  second  case  the  reverse  would  have  been  true.  From  these  facts 
it  is  quite  evident  that  the  coefficients  for  any  given  week  may  not 
be  representative  of  the  digestibility  of  a  nutrient  over  an  extended 
period  of  time,  and  that  if  the  significance  of  the  results  obtained  in 
a  digestion  experiment  are  to  be  increased,  the  test  periods  must  be 
extended  over  a  period  three  or  four  weeks  in  length. 

The  variations  in  the  coefficients  for  individual  animals  also  are  of 
importance  in  this  connection.  In  three  out  of  four  cases  the  individ- 
uals of  any  one  lot  furnished  very  good  duplicates,  the  variation  being 
comparatively  small.  In  the  full-feed  lot,  however,  the  two  individual 
values  were  widely  different.  There  is  not  sufficient  data  to  indicate 
definitely  whether  this  is  more  likely  to  occur  in  the  case  of  animals  on 
full  feed  or  not.  Only  a  small  part  of  the  difference  found  in  the 
full-feed  lot  can  be  accounted  for  by  the  differences  in  the  amounts  of 
feed  consumed.  The  difference  between  the  amounts  of  feed  con- 
sumed by  these  steers  was  less  than  that  between  the  amounts  con- 
sumed by  the  full-feed  and  the  two-thirds-feed  lots,  but  the  difference 
in  coefficients  was  much  greater.  It  does  seem  evident,  however,  that 
in  order  to  get  representative  coefficients,  it  is  necessary  to  use  more 
than  one  animal  in  any  trial.  In  case  the  coefficients  obtained  with 
the  various  animals  do  not  agree  fairly  well,  further  trials  should  be 
made  with  other  animals  to  check  the  results. 

It  is  quite  obvious  that  when  the  amount  of  roughage  in  the  ration 
is  comparatively  large,  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  obtained  on  a 
maintenance  ration  are  not  applicable  to  a  full-feed  ration. 


260  BULLETIN    No.    172  [June, 

SUMMARY 

PLAN  OF  EXPERIMENT 

1.  Eight  two-year-old,  choice  feeder  steers  were  divided  into  four 
lots  of  two  steers  each.     One  lot  was  given  a  ration  slightly  above 
maintenance;  another,  an  amount  of  feed  equal  to  the  maintenance 
ration  plus  one-third  of  the  difference  between  the  maintenance  and 
the  full-feed  rations;  another,  an  amount  equal  to  the  maintenance 
ration  plus  two-thirds  of  the  difference  between  the  maintenance  and 
the  full-feed  rations;  and  another,  as  much  feed  as  the  steers  would 
eat  readily. 

2.  The  experiment  lasted  for  30  weeks  and  was  divided  into  four 
general  divisions  each  of  which  consisted  of  a  transitional,  a  prelimi- 
nary, and  a  test  period.    The  first  and  third  transitional  periods  were 
two  weeks  in  length,  and  the  second,  three  weeks  in  length.    Each  of 
the  preliminary  periods  lasted  for  two  weeks.     The  first  test  period 
was  three  weeks  in  length,  and  the  second,  third,  and  fourth,  each  four 
weeks  in  length. 

3.  The  feeds  used  were  clover  hay,  ground  corn,  and  linseed  oil 
meal.    The  ration  of  the  first  test  period  consisted  of  clover  hay  and 
ground  corn  in  the  ratio  of  1:1;  that  of  the  second,  of  clover  hay  and 
ground  corn  in  the  ratio  of  1 :3 ;  that  of  the  third,  of  clover  hay  and 
ground  corn  in  the  ratio  of  1 :5 ;  and  that  of  the  fourth,  of  clover  hay, 
ground  corn,  and  linseed  oil  meal  in  the  ratio  of  1 :4 :1. 

EFFECT  OF  CHARACTER  OF  RATION 

4.  Ill  the  first  test  period,  when  the  ration  consisted  of  clover 
hay  and  ground  corn  in  the  ratio  of  1:1,  the  coefficients  of  digesti- 
bility of  the  dry  substance  for  the  individual  animals  varied  from 
61.55  to  70.69 ;    in  the  second  test  period,  when  the  ration  consisted 
of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in  the  ration  of  1 :3,  they  varied  from 
59.49  to  78.22 ;   in  the  third  test  period,  when  the  ration  consisted  of 
clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in  the  ratio  of  1 :5,  they  varied  from  65.42 
to  79.08 ;   and  in  the  fourth  test  period  when  the  ration  consisted  of 
clover  hay,  ground  corn,  and  linseed  oil  meal  in  the  ratio  of  1:4:1, 
they  varied  from  72.40  to  80.64.     For  the  eight  steers  together  the 
average  coefficients  of  digestibility  for  the  dry  substance  for  the  four 
test  periods  were :   first  test  period,  66.44 ;   second  test  period,  70.74 ; 
third  test  period,  74.57 ;    and  fourth  test  period,  77.09. 

5.  The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  carbohydrates  for  the 
individual  animals  varied,  in  the  first  test  period,  from  66.17  to  75.17. 
In  the  second  test  period  they  varied  from  63.03  to  82.71 ;  in  the  third 
test  period,  from  70.07  to  82.78 ;   and  in  the  fourth  test  period,  from 
74.80  to  84.06.   For  the  eight  steers  together  the  average  coefficients 


1914]  DIGESTIBILITY  OF  EATIONS  FOB  STEERS  261 

of  digestibility  of  the  carbohydrates  for  the  four  periods  were:  first 
test  period,  71.08 ;  second  test  period,  74.63  ;  third  test  period,  78.32 ; 
and  fourth  test  period,  80.09. 

6.  The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  crude  protein  for  the 
individual  animals  varied  from  39.43  to  47.41  in  the  first  test  period ; 
from  43.69  to  54.83  in  the  second  test  period ;  from  48.47  to  55.20  in 
the  third  test  period ;  and  from  65.52  to  71.23  in  the  fourth  test  period. 
For  the  eight  steers  together  the  average  coefficients  of  digestibility 
for  the  crude  protein  for  the  four  test  periods  were :  first  test  period, 
43.25 ;  second  test  period,  49.39 ;  third  test  period,  52.38 ;  and  fourth 
test  period,  68.24. 

7.  The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  fat  for  the  individual 
animals  varied  as  follows :  in  the  first  test  period,  from  64.63  to  76.14 ; 
in  the  second  test  period,  from  64.12  to  81.59 ;  in  the  third  test  period, 
from  44.65  to  86.69  ;  and  in  the  fourth  test  period,  from  76.19  to  85.38. 
For  the  eight  steers  together  the  average  coefficients  of  digestibility  for 
the  fat  for  the  four  test  periods  were :  first  test  period,  72.23 ;  second 
test  period,  76.32 ;  third  test  period,  79.45 ;  and  fourth  test  period, 
82.80. 

EFFECT  OF  AMOUNTS  OF  FEED  CONSUMED 

8.  The  average  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance  for 
the  four  lots  of  animals  were:  in  the  first  test  period — maintenance 
lot,  69.99;  one-third-feed  lot,  67.11;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  65.62;  and 
full-feed  lot,  63.03;  in  the  second  test  period — maintenance  lot,  77.28; 
one-third-feed  lot,  72.06 ;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  69.07 ;  and  full-feed  lot, 
64.56 ;  in  the  third  test  period — maintenance  lot,  78.79 ;  onc-third-f eed 
lot,  75.74 ;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  73.62 ;  and  full-feed  lot,  70.11 ;  and  in 
the  fourth  test  period — maintenance  lot,   79.99 ;   one-third-feed  lot, 
74.14;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  75.10;  and  full-feed  lot,  76.12. 

9.  The  average  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  carbohydrates 
for  the  four  lots  of  animals  were:  in  the  first  test  period — mainte- 
nance lot,  74.85;  one-third-feed  lot,  71.72;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  70.24; 
and  full-feed  lot,  67.48;  in  the  second  test  period — maintenance  lot, 
81.88;  one-third-feed  lot,  75.57;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  72.40;  and  full- 
feed  lot,  68.69 ;  in  the  third  test  period — maintenance  lot,  82.56 ;  one- 
third-feed    lot,  79.38;    two-thirds-feed    lot,  77.25;  and  full-feed  lot, 
74.08 ;  and  in  the  fourth  test  period — maintenance  lot,  83.03 ;  one- 
third-feed  lot,  80.39;   two-thirds-feed  lot,   77.83;   and   full-feed  lot, 
79.09. 

10.  The  average  coefficients  of  digestibility  for  the  crude  protein 
for  the  four  lots  of  animals  were :  in  the  first  test  period — mainte- 
nance lot,  45.48;  one-third-feed  lot,  44.54;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  42.52; 
and  full-feed  lot,  40.45 ;  in  the  second  test  period — maintenance  lot, 
40.42;  one-thii-d-feed  lot,  53.40;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  49.99;  and  full- 


262  BULLETIN    No*    172  [June, 

feed  lot,  44.73 ;  in  the  third  test  period — maintenance  lot,  52.73 ;  one- 
third-feed  lot,  54.64;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  51.06;  and  full-feed  lot, 
51.09;  and  in  the  fourth  test  period — maintenance  lot,  70.33;  one- 
third-feed  lot,  67.73;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  66.66;  and  full-feed  lot, 

68.22. 

11.  The  average  coefficients  of  digestibility  for  the  fat  for  the  four 
lots  of  animals  were :  in  the  first  test  period — maintenance  lot,  73.58 ; 
one-third-feed  lot,  74.20 ;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  72.24 ;  and  full-feed  lot, 
68.91 ;  in  the  second  test  period — maintenance  lot,  78.79 ;  one-third- 
feed  lot,  80.25;  two-thirds-feed  lot,  80.14;  and  full-feed  lot,  65.92;  in 
the  third  test  period — maintenance  lot,  86.20 ;  one-third-feed  lot,  84.65 ; 
two-thirds-feed  lot,  83.56 ;  and  full-feed  lot,  63.38 ;  and  in  the  fourth 
test  period — maintenance  lot,  84.38 ;  one-third-feed  lot,  82.88 ;  two- 
thirds-feed  lot,  83.33 ;  and  full-feed  lot,  80.60. 

CONCLUSIONS 

EFFECT  OF  CHAEACTER  OF  EATION 

1.  The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance,  the  carbo- 
hydrates, the  proteins,  and  the  fat  of  a  ration  of  clover  hay  and 
ground  corn  increase  as  the  ratio  of  clover  hay  to  ground  corn  is 
varied  from  1 :1  to  1 :5. 

2.  The  coefficients  of  the  dry  substance,  the  carbohydrates,  the 
proteins,  and  the  fat  of  a  ration  of  clover  hay,  ground  corn,  and  lin- 
seed oil.  meal  in  the  ratio  of  1 :4 :1  are  greater  than  the  digestibility  of 
the  same  nutrients  of  rations  composed  of  clover  and  ground  corn  in 
the  ratio  of  1 :1, 1 :3,  or  1 :5.    The  replacing  of  one  part  of  ground  corn 
in  a  ration  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in  the  ratio  of  1 :5  by  one 
part  of  linseed  oil  meal  to  form  a  ration  of  clover  hay,  ground  corn, 
and  oil  meal  in  the  ratio  of  1:4:1,  causes  a  moderate  increase  in  the 
coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance,  the  carbohydrates,  and 
the  fat,  and  a  very  decided  increase  in  the  coefficients  of  the  crude 
protein. 


3.  The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance  and  carbo- 
hydrates of  a  ration  composed  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in  the 
ratio  of  1 :1  vary  inversely  as  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed  when  the 
latter  vary  from  maintenance  to  full  feed. 

4.  The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance  and  the 
carbohydrates  of  a  ration  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in  the  ratio 
of  1:3  or  1:5  may  be  greater  in  the  maintenance  ration  than  in  the 
one-third-feed    ration,   the   two-thirds-feed   ration,   or   the   full-feed 
ration.    Between  the  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  dry  substance 
of  rations  heavier  than  maintenance  or  one-third  feed,  there  is  little,  if 
any,  difference. 


1014}  DIGESTIBILITY  OP  EATIONS  FOR  STEERS  263 

5.  The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  the  protein  and  the  fat  of 
rations  composed  of  clover  hay  and  ground  corn  in  the  ratio  of  1:1, 
1 :3,  or  1 :5,  apparently  do  not  vary  with  the  amounts  of  feed. 

6.  The  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  none  of  the  nutrients  of  a 
ration  of  clover  hay,  ground  corn,  and  oil  meal  in  the  ratio  of  1 :4 :1 
are  affected  by  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed. 

7.  The  cause  of  the  differences  in  digestibility  induced  by  differ- 
ences in  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed  seems  to  be  the  proportion  of 
hay  in  the  ration.    Apparently,  the  essential  point  of  difference  caused 
by  the  larger  proportion  of  hay  is  in  the  content  of  crude  fiber.  Hence, 
it  may  be  said  that  differences  in  the  amounts  of  feed  consumed  influ- 
ence the  digestibility  only  when  the  quantity  of  crude  fiber  in  the 
ration  is  relatively  large. 


The  authors  wish  to  acknowledge  the  efficient  assistance  rendered 
by  J.  J.  Yoke  and  W.  A.  Balis  in  the  feeding,  weighing,  and  care 
of  the  animals ;  by  F.  W.  Gill  in  the  analytical  work ;  and  Try  P.  A. 
Hoffman,  W.  J.  Gage,  Jr.,  and  W.  A.  Hixon,  in  the  weighing  and 
sampling  of  the  feeds,  orts,  feccs,  and  urine,  and.  in  the  keeping  of 
many  of  the  records.  They  wish  to  express  their  appreciation  also  of 
the  editorial  criticism  given  by  Miss  Leonora  Perry  in  the  preparation 
of  the  manuscript. 


264  BULLETIN   No.    172  [June, 


APPENDIX 

PAGE 
TABLE  1. — Total  Feed  and  Nutrients  Offered  and  Consumed  During  the  Test 

Periods    265 

TABLE  2. — Total  Feces  and  Total  Nutrients  Voided  in  the  Feces  During  the 

Test  Periods    209 

TABLE  3. — Total  Nutrients  Digested  During  the  Test  Periods 270 

TABLE  4. — Coefficients  of  Digestibility  of  Dry  Substance 271 

TABLE  5. — Coefficients  of  Digestibility  of  Carbohydrates 273 

TABLE  6.— Coefficients  of  Digestibility  of  Crude  Protein    (Nx6.25) 275 

TABLE  7.— Coefficients  of  Digestibility  of  Crude  Fat   (Ether  Extract) 277 

FIG.   la.--Rear    of    Stalls 279 

FIG.  Ib. — Eear    of    Stalls 280 

FIG.  lc.— Front  of  Stalls 281 

FIG.  2. — Sampling  the  Feces 282 

FIG.  3. — Curves  for  Coefficients  of  Digestibility  of  Dry  Substance  and  Car- 
bohydrates     283 

FIG.  4. — Curves  for  Coefficients  of  Digestibility  of  Crude  Protein  and  Fat..  284 

FIG.  5. — Curves    for    Average    Coefficients    of    Digestibility    of    the    Various 

Nutrients    .                                                                                                                 .  285 


1914} 


DIGESTIBILITY  OF  RATIONS  FOR  STEERS 


265 


TABLE  1. — TOTAL  PEED  AND  NUTRIENTS  OFFERED  AND  CONSUMED  DURING  THE 

TEST  PERIODSI 

(Results  expressed  in  pounds) 


Test 
period 

Experi- 
mental 
weeks 

Feed 

Amount 
of  feed 

Dry 

sub- 
stance 

Car- 
bohy- 
drates 

Pro- 
tein 
(Nx 
6.25) 

Crude 
fat 

Ash 

Maintenance — Animal  650 


1 

3-5 

Clover  hay  

115  64 

91  248 

69  940 

12  802 

2  395 

6  107 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   .... 
Orts  

115.64 
231.28 

91.332 
182.580 

78.232 
148.172 

7.927 
20.729 

3.811 
6.206 

1.357 
7.464 

Total  consumed  .  . 

231.28 

182.580 

148.172 

20.729 

6.206 

7.464 

2 

10-13 

Clover  hay  

63.84 

56.648 

44  264 

7173 

1  528 

3.761 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

191.52 
255.36 

165.793 
222.441 

142.146 
186.410 

14.281 
21.454 

7.046 
8.574 

2.292 
6.053 

Total  consumed  .  . 

255.36 

222.441 

186.410 

21.454 

8.574 

6.053 

3 

19-22 

Clover  hay  

39  20 

35488 

28  351 

4157 

0975 

2.004 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts     

196.00 
235.20 

172.153 
207.641 

145.997 
174.348 

15.223 
19.380 

8.414 
9.389 

2.545 
4.549 

Total  consumed  .  . 

235.20 

207.641 

174.348 

19.380 

9.389 

4.549 

4 

27-30 

Clover  hay  

3864 

33.682 

26.919 

3  868 

0  859 

2.034 

Ground  corn  

154.56 

134.436 

113.623 

12.982 

5.875 

1.962 

Oil  meal   

38.64 

35.138 

16.801 

13.873 

2.577 

2.139 

Total  offered   
Orts  

231.84 

203.256 

157.343 

30.713 

9.311 

6.135 

Total  consumed  .  . 

231.84 

203.256 

157.343 

30.713 

9.311 

6.135 

Maintenance — Animal  656 


1 

3-5 

Clover  hay  

115.64 

100.912 

77.513 

14.050 

2.641 

6075 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

115.64 
231.28 

100.935 
201.847 

86.453 
163.966 

8.776 
22.826 

4.200 
6.841 

1.502 
8.207 

Total  consumed  .  . 

231.28 

201.847 

163.966 

22.826 

6.841 

8.207 

2 

10-13 

Clover  hay  

63  84 

56  648 

44.264 

7173 

1  528 

3  761 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts       

191.52 
255.36 
0  61 

165.793 
222.441 
0484 

142.146 
186.410 
0.418 

14.281 
21.454 
0  046 

7.076 
8.604 
0  007 

2.292 
6.053 
0  013 

Total  consumed  .  . 

254.75 

221.957 

185.992 

21.408 

8.597 

6.040 

3 

19-22 

Clover  hay  

39.20 

35.448 

28.351 

4.157 

0975 

2004 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts     

196.00 
235.20 

172.153 
207.641 

145.977 
174.348 

15.222 
19.379 

8.414 
9.389 

2.545 
4.549 

Total  consumed  .  . 

235.20 

207.641 

174.348 

19.379 

9.389 

4.549 

4 

27-30 

Clover  hay  

38.64 

33.682 

26.919 

3.868 

0.859 

2.033 

Ground  corn  
Oil  meal   

154.56 
38.64 

134.435 
35.138 

113.623 
16.801 

12.974 
13.603 

5.875 
2.577 

1.962 
2.139 

Total  offered   
Orts       

231.84 

203.255 

157.343 

30.445 

9.311 

6.134 

Total  consumed  .  . 

231.84 

203.255 

157.343 

30.445 

9.311 

6.134 

1  The  first  test  period  was  three  weeks  in  length;  the  second,  third,  and 
fourth,  each  four  weeks  in  length. 


266 


BULLETIN   No.    172 


[June, 


TABLE  1. — TOTAL  FEED  AND  NUTRIENTS  OFFERED  AND  CONSUMED  DURING  THE 
TEST  PERIODS*  (Continued) 

(Besults  expressed  in  pounds) 


Test 
period 

Experi- 
mental 
weeks 

Feed 

Amount 
of  feed 

Dry 

sub- 
stance 

Car- 
bohy- 
drates 

Pro- 
tein 

(Nx 
6.25) 

Crude 
fat 

Ash 

One-Third  Feed— Animal  666 


1 

3-5 

Clover  hay  

163.31 

128  747 

98  720 

18  038 

3  378 

8  608 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

163.31 
326.62 

128.848 
257.595 

110.368 
209.088 

11.188 
29.226 

5.373 
8.751 

1.914 
10.522 

Total  consumed  .  . 

326.62 

257.595 

209.088 

29.226 

8.751 

10.522 

2 

10-13 

Clover  hay  

103  80 

88  796 

69  407 

11  229 

2  398 

5  889 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

311.40 
415.20 

259.876 
348.672 

222.792 
292.199 

22.389 
33.618 

11.104 
13.502 

3.594 
9.483 

Total  consumed  .  . 

415.20 

348.672 

292.199 

33.618 

13.502 

9.483 

3 

19-22 

Clover  hay  ...... 

58  52 

52  985 

42  299 

6  212 

1  458 

2  996 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

292.60 
351.12 

256.967 
309.952 

217!910 
260.209 

22.736 

28.948 

12.560 
14.018 

3.802 
6.798 

Total  consumed  .  . 

351.12 

309.952 

260.209 

28.948 

14.018 

6.798 

4 

27-30 

Clover  hay  

56.00 

47.041 

37.625 

5381 

1  198 

2.836 

Ground  corn  
Oil  meal   

224.00 
56.00 

187.826 
49.100 

158.740 
23  510 

18.116 
18977 

8.220 
3  604 

2.747 
2988 

Total  offered   
Orts       

336.00 

283.967 

219.875 

42.474 

13.022 

8.571 

Total  consumed  .  . 

336.00 

283.967 

219.875 

42.474 

13.022 

8.571 

One-Third  Feed — Animal  669 


1 

3-5 

Clover  hay  

167.69 

146  344 

112  446 

20  353 

3  829 

9  714 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

167.69 
335.38 

146.363 
292.707 

125.361 

237.807 

12.731 
33.084 

6.089 
9.918 

2.177 
11.891 

Total  consumed  .  . 

335.38 

292.707 

237.807 

33.084 

9.918 

11.891 

2 

10-13 

Clover  hay  

108  24 

96050 

75043 

12  167 

2  591 

6  380 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

324.72 
332.96 

281.110 
377.160 

241.013 
316.058 

24.209 
36.376 

12.002 
14.593 

3.888 
10.268 

Total  consumed  .  . 

332.96 

377.160 

316.058 

36.376 

14.593 

10.268 

3 

19-22 

Clover  hay  

63  00 

57.041 

45560 

6687 

1  570 

3  225 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

315.00 
378.00 

276.641 
333.682 

234.596 
280.156 

24.477 
31.164 

13.522 
15.092 

4.092 
7.317 

Total  consumed  .  . 

378.00 

333.682 

280.156 

31.164 

15.092 

7.317 

4 

27-30 

Clover  hay  

60.48 

53.217 

42.136 

6052 

1  343 

3  182 

Ground  corn  
Oil  meal   

241.92 
60.48 

210.418 
55.000 

177.836 
26.309 

20.316 
21.282 

9.196 
4.032 

3.071 
3.348 

Total  offered   
Orts     

362.88 

318.635 

246.281 

47.650 

14.571 

9.601 

Total  consumed  .  . 

362.88 

318.635 

246.281 

47.650 

14.571 

9.601 

JThe  first  test  period  was  three  weeks  in  length ;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth, 
each  four  weeks  in  length. 


1914] 


DIGESTIBILITY  OP  EATIONS  FOB  STEERS 


267 


TABLE  1. — TOTAL  FEED  AND  NUTRIENTS  OFFERED  AND  CONSUMED  DURING  THE 
TEST  PERIODS*  (Continued) 

(Eesults  expressed  in  pounds) 


Test 
period 

Experi- 
mental 
weeks 

Feed 

Amount 
of  feed 

Dry 
sub- 
stance 

Car- 
bohy- 
drates 

Pro- 
tein 
(Nx 
6.25) 

Crude 
fat 

Ash 

Two-Thirds  Feed— Animal  652 


1 

3-5 

Clover  hay  

211.33 

184  433 

141  724 

25  641 

4824 

12  239 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

211.33 
422.66 
0.47 

184.452 
368.885 
0.378 

157.984 
299.708 
0.301 

16.044 
41.685 
0048 

7.671 
12.495 
0.010 

2.744 
14.983 
0019 

Total  consumed  .  . 

422.19 

368.507 

299.407 

41.637 

12.485 

14.964 

2 

10-13 

Clover  hay  

142.88 

126  785 

97.064 

16057 

3.420 

8  420 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered  
Orts  

428.64 
571.52 
0.30 

371.068 
497.853 
0.793 

318.142 
415.205 
0.066 

31.959 
48.016 
0008 

15.840 
19.260 
0.002 

5.132 
13.552 
0002 

Total  consumed  .  . 

571.22 

497.060 

415.140 

48.008 

19.258 

13.550 

3 

19-22 

Clover  hay  

78.68 

71.244 

56.891 

8357 

1.963 

4033 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered  
Orts  

393.40 
472.08 

340.461 
411.705 

292.936 
349.827 

30.581 
38.938 

16.886 
18.849 

5.111 
9.144 

Total  consumed  .  . 

472.08 

411.705 

349.827 

38.938 

18.849 

9.144 

4 

27-30 

Clover  hay  

73.36 

61  700 

49.303 

7048 

•1.570 

3  716 

Ground  corn  
Oil  meal  

293.44 
73.36 

246.112 
64.336 

208.003 
30.814 

23.746 

24.858 

10.770 
4.721 

3.599 
3915 

Total  offered  
Orts 

440.16 

372.148 

288.120 

55.652 

17.061 

11.230 

Total  consumed  .  . 

440.16 

372.148 

288.120 

55.652 

17.061 

11.230 

Two-Thirds  Feed — Animal  665 


1 

3-5 

Clover  hay  

219.85 

191.871 

147.449 

26.669 

5.018 

12  730 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

219.85 
439.70 
0.21 

191.888 
383.759 
0.074 

164.351 
311.800 
0.056 

16.692 
43.361 
0.010 

7.982 
13.000 
0.002 

2.885 
15.585 
0.005 

Total  consumed  .  . 

439.49 

383.685 

311.744 

43.351 

12.998 

15.580 

2 

10-13 

Clover  hay  

153.28 

136.023 

106.267 

17.232 

3671 

9037 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

459.84 
613.12 

398.089 
534.112 

341.307 
447.574 

34.276 
51.508 

17.000 
20.671 

5.506 
14.543 

Total  consumed  .  . 

613.12 

534.112 

447.574 

51.508 

20.671 

14.543 

19-22 

Clover  hay  

8764 

79.347 

63.372 

9.309 

2  185 

4491 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

438.20 
525.84 

384.810 
464.157 

326.307 
389.679 

34.059 
43.368 

18.810 
20.995 

5.694 
10.185 

Total  consumed  .  . 

525.84 

464.157 

389.679 

43.368 

20.995 

10.185 

4 

27-30 

Clover  hay  

82.32 

71.801 

57.352 

8.237 

1.830 

4.333 

Ground  corn  
Oil  meal   

329.28 
82.32 

286.402 
74.861 

242.048 
35.815 

27.656 
28.961 

12.516 
5487 

4.179 
4.556 

Total  offered  
Orts     

493.92 

433.064 

335.215 

64.854 

19.833 

13.068 

Total  consumed  .  . 

493.92 

433.064 

335.215 

64.854 

19.833 

13.068 

1The  first  period  was  three  weeks  in  length;    the  second,  third,  and  fourth, 
each  four  weeks  in  length. 


268 


BULLETIN  No.   172 


[Jung, 


TABLE  1. — TOTAL  FEED  AND  NUTRIENTS  OFFERED  AND  CONSUMED  DURING  THE 
TEST  PERIODS1  (Continued) 

(Eesults  expressed  in  pounds) 


Pro- 

Test 
period 

Experi- 
mental 

Feed 

Amount 
of  feed 

Dry 

sub- 

Car- 
bohy- 

tein 
(Nx 

Crude 
fat 

Ash 

weeks 

stance 

drates 

6.25) 

Full  Feed— Animal  663 


1 

3-5 

Clover  hay  

259.14 

226.167 

173.817 

31.429 

5.916 

15.000 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

259.14 
518.28 
26.40 

226.179 
452.346 
20.977 

193.725 
367.542 
16962 

19.576 
51.005 
2.423 

9.403 
15.319 
0.426 

3.365 
18.365 
1.166 

Total  consumed  .  . 

491.88 

431.369 

350.580 

48.582 

14.893 

17.199 

2 

10-13 

Clover  hay  

18284 

162.245 

126  768 

20.551 

4.377 

10.775 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered  
Orts  

548.52 
731.36 
105.84 

474.848 
637.093 
90.786 

407.121 
533.889 
75.914 

40.895 
61.446 
8.612 

20.272 
24.649 
3.665 

6.567 
17.342 
2.581 

Total  consumed  .  . 

625.52 

546.307 

457.975 

52.834 

20.984 

14.761 

3 

19-22 

Clover  hay  

9800 

88  742 

70  860 

9.572 

2446 

5.025 

Ground  corn  

49000 

430  275 

364  849 

38.094 

21  002 

6.369 

Total  offered   
Orts  

588.00 
6492 

519.017 
56243 

435.709 
47053 

47.666 
5.328 

23.448 
2.697 

11.394 
1.166 

Total  consumed  .  . 

523.08 

462.774 

388.656 

42.338 

20.751 

10.228 

4 

27-30 

Clover  hay  

90  72 

79  072 

63  205 

9  075 

2  016 

4  774 

Ground  corn  

36288 

315  625 

266  741 

30  482 

13  793 

4  607 

Oil  meal  

90.72 

82501 

39  477 

31  912 

6  049 

5  022 

Total  offered   
Orts  

544.32 
69  47 

477.198 
60433 

369.423 
46  169 

71.469 
9  620 

21.858 
2807 

14.403 
1  832 

Total  consumed  .  . 

474.85 

416.765 

323.254 

61.849 

19.051 

12!571 

Full  Feed— Animal  661 


1 

3-5 

Clover  hay  

271.06 

224  967 

172  634 

31  439 

5910 

14994 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered  
Orts  

271.06 
542.12 
3.82 

225.064 
450.031 
2.819 

192.819 
365.453 
2.301 

19.552 
50.991 
0  328 

9.342 
15.252 
0.050 

3.346 
18.340 
0.141 

Total  consumed  .  . 

538.30 

447.212 

363.152 

50.663 

15.202 

18.199 

2 

10-13 

Clover  hay  

197.68 

175.425 

137.046 

22225 

4  735 

11.655 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

593.04 
790.72 
20.89 

513.406 
688.831 
16.282 

440.175 
577.221 
13.629 

44.213 
66.438 
1620 

21.926 
26.661 
0  607 

7.102 
18.757 
0.425 

Total  consumed  .  . 

769.83 

672.549 

563.592 

64.818 

26.054 

18.332 

3 

19-22 

Clover  hay  

111.44 

100.909 

80.580 

11.838 

2  780 

5.711 

Ground  corn  
Total  offered   
Orts  

557.20 
668.64 
85.79 

489.299 
590.208 
74.792 

414.904 
495.484 
62.354 

43.312 
55.150 
7.559 

23.888 
26.668 
3.219 

7.241 
12.752 
1.658 

Total  consumed  .  . 

582.85 

515.416 

433.130 

47.591 

23.449 

11.294 

4 

27-30 

Clover  hay  

104.16 

87.531 

69.911 

10.083 

2.241 

5.294 

Ground  corn  
Oil  meal   

416.64 
104.16 

349.375 
91.310 

295.323 
43.587 

33.694 
35.418 

15.260 
6.699 

5.094 
5.560 

Total  offered   
Orts  

624.96 

528.216 

408.821 

79.195 

24.200 

15.948 

Total  consumed  .  . 

624.96 

528.216 

408.821 

79.195 

24.200 

15.948 

'The  first  test  period  was  three  weeks  in  length ;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth, 
each  four  weeks  in  length. 


1914] 


DIGESTIBILITY  OF  RATIONS  FOE  STEERS 


269 


TABLE  2. — TOTAL  FECES  AND  TOTAL  NUTRIENTS  VOIDED  IN  THE  FECES  DURING 

THE  TEST  PERIODS1 

(Eesults  expressed  in  pounds) 


Lot 

Ani- 
mal 

Experi- 
mental 
weeks 

Total 
feces 

Dry 

sub- 
stance 

Total 
car- 
bohy- 

Pro- 
tein 

(Nx 

Crude 
fat 

Ash 

drates 

6.25) 

Maintenance  

650 

3-5 

388.38 

56.255 

37.927 

11.646 

1.676 

5.001 

10-13 

313.28 

52.625 

35.329 

11.013 

1.721 

4.561 

19-22 

224.09 

44.630 

30.778 

9.115 

1.249 

3.485 

27-30 

190.20 

39.342 

25.075 

8.734 

1.549 

3.982 

656 

3-5 

368.15 

59.139 

40.629 

12.003 

1.787 

4.718 

10-13 

314.06 

48.334 

32.155 

10.658 

1.888 

3.629 

19-22 

245.55 

43.415 

29.992 

9.209 

1.339 

2.871 

27-30 

241.90 

41.922 

28.270 

9.271 

1.359 

3.023 

One-third  feed  .... 

666 

3-5 

538.17 

82.693 

57.151 

16.387 

2.101 

7.076 

10-13 

548.05 

96.130 

69.442 

16.153 

2.656 

7.938 

19-22 

359.90 

76.705 

56.034 

13.283 

1.879 

5.525 

27-30 

341.30 

63.441 

41.372 

14.268 

2.047 

5.746 

.   669 

3-5 

722.18 

98.691 

69.451 

17.997 

2.749 

8.775 

10-13 

605.36 

106.573 

79.129 

16.423 

2.914 

8.104 

19-22 

430.09 

79.343 

56.233 

13.950 

2.600 

6.554 

27-30 

379.87 

74.700 

50.427 

14.787 

2.706 

6.783 

Two-thirds  feed  .  .  . 

652 

3-5 

914.14 

125.738 

87.952 

23.899 

3.404 

10.474 

10-13 

889.81 

151.248 

111.430 

24.507 

4.102 

11.206 

19-22 

542.49 

100.604 

71.320 

19.240 

3.170 

6.805 

27-30 

520.87 

82.806 

55.277 

17.925 

2.894 

6.712 

665 

3-5 

901.96 

132.827 

93.872 

24.829 

3.691 

10.423 

10-13 

899.17 

167.836 

126.900 

25.198 

3.801 

11.930 

19-22 

672.05 

131.287 

97.675 

20.973 

3.374 

9.269 

27-30 

590.27 

119.506 

84.503 

22.332 

3.284 

9.388 

Full  feed   

663 

3-5 

1052.49 

153.138 

109.348 

28.373 

3.994 

11.418 

10-13 

919.57 

165.613 

117.515 

28.494 

6.717 

12.849 

19-22 

597.92 

116.609 

85.388 

19.958 

3.717 

7.643 

27-30 

470.59 

84.969 

55.853 

17.740 

2.912 

8.460 

661 

3-5 

1233.42 

172.027 

122.887 

30.375 

5.401 

13.346 

10-13 

1512.09 

272.388 

208.277 

36.487 

9.779 

17.835 

19-22 

861.26 

178.698 

130.057 

24.465 

13.038 

11.129 

27-30 

749.23 

143.792 

100.049 

27.249 

5.623 

10.867 

'The  first  test  period  was  three  weeks  in  length;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth, 
each  four  weeks  in  length. 


270 


BULLETIN   No.    172 


TABLE  3. — TOTAL  NUTRIENTS  DIGESTED  DURING  THE  TEST  PERIODS' 
(Besults  expressed  in  pounds) 


Lot 

Ani- 
mal 

Experi- 
mental 
weeks 

Dry  sub- 
stance 

Carbohy- 
drates 

Protein 
(N  x 
6.25) 

Crude 
fat 

650 

3-5 

126.325 

110.246 

9.083 

4.531 

10-13 

169.818 

151.081 

10.441 

6.885 

19-22 

163.011 

143.570 

10.265 

8.142 

27-30 

163.915 

132.270 

21.711 

7.762 

656 

3-5 

142.708 

123.339 

10.823 

5.053 

10-13 

173.623 

153.837 

10.750 

6.709 

19-22 

164.226 

144.356 

10.170 

8.050 

27-30 

161.343 

129.074 

21.175 

7.953 

666 

3-5 

174.902 

151.937 

12.839 

6.650 

10-13 

252.541 

222.756 

17^465 

10.846 

19-22 

233.247 

205.195 

15.665 

12.140 

27-30 

220.526 

178.503 

28.206 

10.975 

669 

3-5 

194.016 

168.356 

15.087 

7.169 

10-13 

270.587 

236.929 

19.954 

11.679 

19-22 

254.339 

223.922 

17.213 

12.492 

27-30 

243.435 

195.854 

32.864 

11.865 

652 

3-5 

242.769 

211.455 

17.738 

9.081 

10-13 

345.812 

303i710 

23!499 

15J56 

19-22 

311.101 

278.507 

19.698 

15.679 

- 

27-30 

289.289 

232.844 

37.726 

14.167 

665 

3-5 

250.858 

217.873 

18.522 

9.307 

10-13 

366.276 

320.674 

26.310 

16.870 

19-22 

332.866 

292.004 

22.395 

17.621 

27-30 

313.558 

250.713 

42.522 

16.549 

Full  feed       

663 

3-5 

278.231 

241.232 

20.309 

10.899 

10-13 

380.694 

340.460 

24.340 

14.267 

19-22 

346.165 

304.269 

23.221 

17.064 

27-30 

331.796 

267.401 

44.110 

16.139 

661 

3-5 

275.185 

240.265 

20.288 

9.801 

10-13 

400.161 

355.315 

28.332 

17.275 

19-22 

336.718 

303.074 

23.125 

10.411 

27-30 

384.425 

308.772 

51.947 

18.576 

'The  first  test  period  was  three  weeks  in  length;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth, 
each  four  weeks  in  length.  No  correction  was  applied  for  metabolic  products  in 
the  feces. 


DIGESTIBILITY  OF  EATIONS  FOR  STEERS 


271 


fe    a 

O      X 


%  ™ 


u 

o 

?n^ 

I  *    ! 

•*  00  O   rjl 
b-  •*  rH   Tji 

(M  I>   OS 
•*  I>   IO 

rH  O    IO 
CO  TH    00 

N  IO  IO  CO    TH 
O  i-l  iH  CO    t- 

00 

r- 

«u 

C8  «g 

•  • 

•*  t-  t*   CO 

CD  CO  CD   CD 

•  • 

t-t>   t> 

CD  CD   CD 

O  rH    O 

c»  o   t- 

C~  1>  C-  t>    t- 

? 

^a 

o  os  os  co 
^  os  co  o 

00  OS   00 
IO  OS   t- 

CO  01    Ol 

to  co   os 

10  i-  t>  t-   co 

TH  IO  t-  TH   IO 

00 
CD 

TJ 

<* 

•  • 

rH  CO  CO    CO 
••O  CO  CD   CO 

CO  i-H   N 
CO  CD   CO 

TH  IO    TH 

CO  CD    CO 

IO  CO  TH  TH     TH 

CD  CD  CD  CD    CD 

TH 
CD 

o 
«w 

rH 

I  !    '. 

OS  (M  IO   IO 

OS  OS  b-   IO 

; 

O  CO   CO 
IO  rH   00 

rH  00    OS 
OS  TH    rH 

CD  rH  OS  rH    OS 
OS  IO  00  CO    TH 

CO 

0 

a 

S3 

CO 

00  IN  <M    rH 

IO  CD  CO    CO 

<M  OS   O 
CO  IO   CD 

rH  O    rH 
CD  CO    CD 

O  OS  OS  t—    OS 

co  m  10  10   10 

0 

cc 

PH 

ft 

—  i  -*   oq 

0>  CC    rH 

rH  ^  CO   0 

oo  "-J  co   10 

10 
10 

b-  CO   IO 

co  co   t~ 

CO  CO    CO 
rH  rH    CD 

•*  TH  IO  CO    TH 

os  co  CD  eo   co 

1-1 

CO 

CD 

3  oc   cq 

•s  cr   co 

co  J2  •*'  •*' 
so   co   co 

CO 

CO 

•*  •*    T(H 

co  co   co 

b-  0    00 

co  t-   co 

OS  b-  OS  rH    OS 

CD  CO  CO  b-    CD 

OS 
CO 

•n 

g?n 

oo  co   t- 

NO    rH 

<N  CO  (M   <M 
OS  l>  CM   CO 

«*f 

00 

i-l  b-   OS 
IO  TH   •* 

OS  CO    04 
00  t-    CO 

00  CD  (N  rH    t- 
01  CD  CO  O    O 

O3 

00 

Q 

0) 
«H 

^^ 

ON    rH 

CD  CO    CO 

TH  CO  IO   IO 
CO  CD  CD   CO 

CO 
CD 

t-  t-   t> 

CO  CD   CD 

t-  CO    00 

CO  CD    CO 

00  00  O  OS    OS 
CO  CD  t>  CD    CO 

00 
CD 

m 

TH. 

w 

t~  ro   O 

rH  "*     00 

IO  >O  (M   TJH 

CO 

»o 

IO  O   Cq 
b-  IO    rH 

cq  oo   10 

CO  OS    CO 

rH  Cq  CD  CO    OO 
rH  TH  OS  OO    IO 

t- 
oq 

3 

co 

OS  W    O 

10  co   co 

CO  >O  ^   IO 

co  co  co  co 

CO 

••o 

CO  b-    t~ 

co  co   co 

CO  OO    b- 

CO  CD    CD 

00  OS  00  b-    00 

co  co  co  co   co 

00 
CO 

o 
i 

w  . 

OS  O    ** 
CO  b-    IO 

IO  CO  •*   IO 
CO  OS  (M   OO 

CO 
tH 

00  -*    CO 
<M  TH   00 

CO  rH    O 
TH  IO   O 

CO  O  OS  OS    CO 

TH  os  co  I-H   10 

b- 

co 

H 

co 

rH  rH    rH 
CO  CO    CO 

CO  b-  CD   IO 
<O  CD  CD   CO 

•* 

CO 

00  t-   b. 
CD  CO   CO 

OS  00    OS 

co  co   CD 

CO  CO  b-  b-    CO 

OS 
<0 

Ss. 

l>  CO    H 
r-l  O    rH 

OS  t»  CO   rH 
t-  t-  t-   iH 

rH 

OS 

rH  O   CXI 

t-  rH   TH 

CO  00    (M 
00  rH    IO 

t*  CD  eo  os   er 
co  t~  TH  co   o 

00 

00 

03 
<» 
<H 

«<* 

OS  OS    "* 
CD  IO    CD 

IO  t>  t^   t^ 

CD  CO  CD   CD 

in 

CD 

t^  t^   t^ 

CD  CO   CO 

O  01    rH 
D-  I>    t~ 

CO  i-l  i-l  iH    01 

t-  i>  t-  t>  c- 

rH 
t- 

•T) 

os 

rH  00     •* 
O  CO     CO 

OS  O  00   CO 

CO  b-  CO   CQ 

Si 
0 

O  rH    IO 

os  cq   to 

IO  rH    00 
30  rH    OS 

O  Cq  TH  00    CO 
TO  O  t-  OO    b- 

i-O 
1—  1 

S 
-*a 

co 

sq  ^   oo 
co  10   10 

•*  CO  b-   CO 

CD  CO  CO    CO 

ro 

CO 

b-  b-   t~ 

•0  CO   CD 

30  rH    OS 
SO  t-    CO 

Cq  rH  rH  rH    iH 
t-  b-  b-  t-    t-- 

t> 

O 

A 

co 

•^*  "^     OS 

CO  T(H     OO 

o  10  os  oo 
oq  oo  oo   os 

"* 

b^ 

00  OS    00 

10  os   cq 

b-  IO    CD 

oo  cq   o 

10  O  CO  O    OS 
TH  IO  rH  IO    CO 

w 

CO 

CO 

CO  00    OS 
t^  CO     CD 

b-  00  b-   b- 

CO  CO  CD   CO 

GO 
t- 

t-  CO    b~ 

co  co   co 

Cq  co   CO 
t~  b-    t~ 

TH  cq  i-i  rH   cq 

t-  b-  b-  t-    b- 

(M 
b- 

gh% 

00  t>    (M 
t*  CD    C4 

•*  CO  rH   OS 
00  ^  £*•    OS 

C55 
O3 

W  03   l> 

00  IO   CO 

TH  CO    CO 
OS  CO    (O 

t»  Ol  b-  CO    00 

OS  CD  O  TH    (M 

co 
t> 

O 

u 

d 

<J  * 

00  !>    00 

CD  CO    CO 

CD  rH  rH   OS 
CD  t-  C-   CO 

OS 
CD 

O  TH   03 
t>l>   l> 

t-  OS    00 

t>  t-   l> 

CO  CD  00  t-    t- 
t-  t>  t-  t-    t- 

^ 

c3 

s 

o 

CO 

CO  CO     rH 

•*  IO    O 

(M  «#  CXI   OS 

o  co  •*  to 

eq 

o 

OKI  CO    OS 
rH  <N    rH 

IO  b-    rH 

CO  b-    Cq 

i-l  Cq  IO  i—  1    Cq 
(N  TH  t-  IO    W 

10 

m 

4a 

a 

•  rH 

CO 

OS  OO     OS 
CO  b-     CO 

b-  eq  eq   o 

CO  b-  b-    t- 

0 

(M  CO   rH 
b-  t-    b- 

00  OS    OS 
t-  b-    t~ 

00  OC  b-^  00    00 
t-  t-  t~  t-    b- 

OO 
b- 

S 

o 

o  os   -* 

rH  b-     -tf 

b-  CO  rH    O 

CO  <M  O   CO 

s 

CO  00    IO 
IO  b-    rH 

TH  OS    CO 

cq  oo   o 

co  eg  o  r-  1   TH 

b-  00  TH  TH    CO 

•H 
OS 

CO 

00  CO    b- 

•-O  CO    CO 

CO  O  rH    OS 
CO  b-  b-    CO 

CD 
CO 

OS  Oq    rH 
CD  b-    b- 

b-  OO    OO 
t-  b-    b- 

10  TH  oo  co   co 

b-  t-  b-  b-    t- 

!C 

5H 

0  8 

si 

o  o   o 

0  0  O   O 

0 

O  O    O 

o  o   o 

0000    0 

O 

•2^ 

£  a 

rH  rH    rH 

rH  rH  rH    rH 

1—  1 

10  10   os 

ro  co   co 

CO  CO  CO  CO    CO 

CO 

^_g 

PH^ 

O  "~l 

o'o 

rH  rH    rH 

rH  rH  rH    rH 

rH 

rH  Cq   rH 

rH  rH    rH 

i—  1  rH    rH 

i-l  rH  rH  i—  1    rH 

i-H 

•g| 

ftg 
^  a 

w  s 

09 

^ 

(0 

s 

£ 

rHN    «? 

rH 

CO  ^  IO    "? 

CO 

10 

rH 

co  b-  tr 

CD 

OOOS    °? 
OO 

CO 
O  rH  <M  CO    rH 
i-t  r-l  i-l  iH    £ 

rH 

CO 
rH 

OO 

'I 

I 

§ 

s 

1, 

t?' 

"3 

t?  ' 

a 

a    <o 

1=  9 

s   > 
^   <J 

ffi 

1 

1::  | 

H        <! 

Average 

Transitioi 
a 

Average 

Prelimina 
>; 

Average 

<U 

bo 

03 

*,,„     | 

|—  =    3 

Average 

272 


BULLETIN  No.   172 


[June, 


gs 

,3 

•*  00  IO         OS 

os  o  r~      10 

IO  CO        00 
CQ  (M        CQ 

CD  T-I  CO  CO         I> 
CO  CO  rj<  iH         IO 

co 
•* 

00  rH         rH 

oo  e-      oo 

CQ  OS         IO 
00  0         •<* 

b-  •*  o  eo      os 

00  CO  IO  CO         O 

00 
00 

$« 

°«M 

O 

00  CQ  CO         iH 

co  t*  t*      t- 

t-  t>        t» 

CO  •*  IO  IO         •<* 

s 

TH  to         IO 
b-t-         b- 

(O  CO         CO 
t-  b-         b- 

m  oo  t>  co      i> 

£ 

S  o 
Sr  hn 

CO  CO  •*         t* 
-*  (M  t-        •* 

CO  •*        N 
00  O        (0 

CO  CQ  O  CO         rH 
b-  rH  OS  CO         rH 

00 

co 

O  rH         IO 
00  kO         rH 

CQ  •*         CO 

os  co      r» 

co  oo  w  •*      <M 

O  00  IO  O         rH 

r-l 

0 

T3 

^^ 

rH  CO  00          IO 

co  co  co       co 

00  00         OS 
CD  C*         CO 

00  O  O  O         O 

co  t*  t-  i>      t- 

§ 

SS    B 

St2     t2 

b-  b-         b- 

Tj)  CO  00  IO         CO 
t-  t-  l>  t>        C- 

£ 

C9 
IH 

rH 

rH  t-  rH         O 
IO  t-  rH          <» 

O  CO        t- 
iHt-        -^4 

OO  OO  00  •*         CQ 

10  co  •<#  os      •* 

r-l 

CO 

os  os      os 

rH  rH          CO 

CQ  rH          CO 
IOCQ         CO 

00  b-  00  CO           rH 
CQ  O  OO  CO         b- 

co 

s-. 

^ 

CO 

OO  OS  •*          O 
IO  IO  CD         CD 

10  cq      t» 
co  co      co 

rH  CO  CD  CD         IO 

CO  CD  CD  CO         CD 

m 

CO 

CD  rH         00 
CO  b-         CO 

co  co       co 

c-  b-         b- 

O  CO  IO  f-l         OQ 
b-  b-  b-  b-         b- 

CQ 
t~ 

rH 

CO 

»o  o  oo      •* 

CO  t-  CO          rH 

t^co      oo 

IOCO        i- 

IO  b-  CO  00         i-H 

os  10  co  co      oo 

-o 

0 

CQ  CO          CQ 

-*.  oq       co 

«  b-          0 

CO  O         CQ 

00  OS  CQ  IO         CO 

b-  co  CQ  •<*      10 

c. 

0 

CO 

•*  CQ  CO         O 

CQ  CO         rH 

IO  CO  IO  •*         •* 

r* 

IO  IO         IO 

00  OO         00 

b-  O  i-H  00           OS 

C-. 

L 

co  t-  t-       t- 

t-  b»         b- 

b-  b-  b-  b-         b- 

b»  b-        b- 

b-  b-         b- 

b-  oo  oo  t- 

T3 

ga 

iH  r-l  •*         IO 
0  CO  •*         <M 

OS  rH         l> 
IO  ^H         E- 

rH  00  OS  OS         CQ 
00  CQ  O  CQ         CO 

r-l 

CD 

t-co      «o 

IO  rH         CO 

OS  CO         rH 

os  oo       os 

in  i>  m  co      o 

00  •*  O  O         iH 

•* 

O 

CD 
=H 

5- 

t-  rH  (M         O 
CO  t»  t-        t~ 

CO  CO         CO 
b-  t-         t* 

CQ  CO  IO  CO         CO 
t»t-t»t>         t- 

CO 
t- 

CO  IO         ^ 

t*  t-      t- 

rH  TJ»       •<* 

b-  00         l> 

CO  CD  IO  IO         IO 

IO 

b- 

CD 

T3 

IO 

CQ  -n  CQ         t- 

•^  CO  CQ         CD 

•*   Tji             10 

OS  CQ         CO 

IO  CQ  CO  00        b- 
CQ  CQ  OS  CQ         CO 

os 

0 

b-  cq       os 

CO  CD           T* 

CO  CQ          CQ 
rH  OS         IO 

0  CQ  00  rH         0 
O  CO  CO  CO         "* 

3 

— 

-4J 

co 

^  Os  OS        t^» 

(O  CD  CO         CO 

OS  OS         O 
IO  CD         b- 

rH  CO  Cq  OS          rH 
b-  b-  b-  CO         b- 

rH 
b- 

OS  rH           O 
ID  b-         b- 

OQ  CQ         CQ 
b-  b-         b- 

CQ  CO  rH  CQ         IN 
b-  b-  b-  t-         b- 

CQ 

t- 

0 

pe 

cq 

rH  CO  CO          •* 
O  CQ  CD         00 

•*  oo      o 

CQ  IO        OS 

oo  •*  co  o      t- 

co  co  cq  co       10 

eo 

rH 

b-  O         CO 
b-  t-         CQ 

CO  •*        0 
OO  b-         CO 

O  CO  CO  CO         O 

b-  co  •*  •*      oo 

-p 

•-D 

H 

co 

OS  CO  IO         CQ 
<O  t-  t-         t- 

b-  t-         CO 
b-  b-         b- 

•*  CO  b-  b-        IO 
b-  b-  b-  b-         b- 

•o 

b- 

b-  00         OO 
b-  b-         b- 

b-  CO         b- 
b-  b-         b- 

IO  OS  00  b-         b- 

t~ 
b. 

rrj 

£a 

co  oo  os       oo 

O  O  CQ         CO 

•*  CO         IO 

OS   Tj)             Tjt 

OS  CO  00  IO         •<* 
IO  IO  IO  CQ        t~ 

0 
00 

00  O         •* 
IO  CO         OS 

IO  OS     .    CQ 
•*  CO         •* 

b-  CJ  CO  rH         •* 

00  **l  Tjl  00         .-1 

0 

01 

<9 
CO 

<H 

i- 

0  CQ  IO         CQ 
l>  t-  l>        C* 

12J2        12 
t»  t»        I> 

CO  CO  CO  CO         IO 
l>  t-  t-  t»         D- 

g 

CO  I>         CO 

t-  1-      t- 

CO  CO         CO 
b-  b-         t- 

IO  00  CO  l>         t- 

g 

'S 

OS 

t~    Tjf    0               0 

rO  rH  IO          O 

O  10         IO 
rH  CO          OO 

r}t  OO  •*  CO         CQ 
OS  •*  00  CO         CQ 

rt 

LO 

co  co       os 

b-  OO         b- 

oo  oo       co 

O  •*         CQ 

CO  O  00  •*         CQ 
OO  OS  CQ  O         IO 

rH 
r-l 

.  13 

CO 

OS  CO  CO         CQ 

b-  I-          CO 

CO  b-  CO  CO          CO 

•o 

T}H«D         IO 

T*   CO              IO 

10  in  t>^  i>^      «o 

td 

4J 

b-  b-  b-  b-       b- 

C 

o 

CO 

10  cq  oo       10 

t-  OJ  O         CO 

00  rH          IO 
b-  IO         O 

•*  OS  CQ  00          CD 
CQ  IO  CO  00         CQ 

o 

r-l 

o  co       os 

rJH  b-         O 

CQ  rH           CD 
00  CO           IO 

os  •«*<  in  os      b- 
oo  os  co  10      b- 

c 
t- 

co 

0  CQ  t-          CO 
t-  t~  !>.         t- 

•*  IO         -* 
b-  b-         b- 

M  IO  CO  IO         IO 

in 
b- 

00  b-         OO 
b-  b-        b- 

00  CO          b- 
b-  b-         b- 

IO°  O  IO  OO         t^ 
b-  00  t-  b-         b- 

t> 

t^ 

£s> 

CO  O  CQ         CO 
CQ  rH  IO         OS 

IO  ^K         l» 
CO  O         (M 

CO  CQ  COCO         OS 
CQ  CO  rH  •*         C~ 

S 

t-  00         t- 

IO  OS         t- 

os  os       os 

00  TH         CO 

rH  1*  Tjl  (O          OS 

i>  10  cs  b-      os 

0 
IO 

CD 

O 

a 

^* 

t^  oo  06      i> 
i>  t~  t-      t- 

00  OS         CO 

t-  1*      t» 

00  t-  OS  O         00 
t-  I>  t-  00         t- 

oo 

b- 

00  O        O) 
t-  00         t* 

OS  t-         00 

t»  t*      t- 

OS  rH  OS  00          OS 
t>  00  b-  b-         t- 

g 

d 

a 
<o 

co 

•*  o  10      co 

CO  >O  IO         rH 

o  eo       oo 

rH  00         CO 

CO  CO  rH  b-         00 
OO  rH  CO  b-         O 

OS 
O 

IO  00         i-H 
rH  CQ         CQ 

rH  O         O 
t-rH         OS 

•<*  00  CO  «O         IO 
O  rH  CO  IO         CO 

t» 

GC 

+> 

_d 

co 

OS  OS  00          OS 
t~-  t-  t-        f. 

OS  OS         ^3 
b-  b-          b- 

b-0000  rH         OS 
b-  b-  b-  00         b- 

CS 
b- 

os  os      os 
t-  1-      t- 

OS'CO*         b-^ 
b-  b-         b- 

O  rH  00  b-          OS 

oo  oo  b-  b-       b- 

or 

t~ 

% 

o 

OS  0  0         0 
rH  b-  IO          GO 

o  m       co 

CQ  CQ          rH 

O  rH  rH  OS         O 
b-  IO  b-  O         IO 

0 

"* 

oos      •* 
oco      co 

00  OS         00 
OOO         rH 

oo  co  10  CD      •* 
co  os  CQ  os       co 

1C 

<M 

CO 

IO  to  00        CO 
t~  t-  b-         t- 

00  00         00 
b-  b-         b- 

ao  co  os  os      oo 

t-  b-  b-  b-        b- 

5O 

6- 

CO  CQ         O 

b-  oo       oo 

o  oo      os 

00  b-         b- 

OS  r-l  i-l  OS          O 

t-  oo  oo  b-       oo 

X 

=H 
°    f? 

O'rt 

**    <B 

O  0  0         0 

00         0 

0000        0 

0 

co  o>       cq 
o'o      o 

rH  rH         rH 

rH  rH  rH  rH         i-l 

r^ 

|^ 

S  a 

^  -^  -^         OS 

IO  IO        IO 

m  m  -JJ  10      10 

10 

b-  rH          Tt* 

•^  Tj)            Tfl 

•*•*}<•<*•*              Tj) 

•* 

•s  S1 

O  ^3 

CO  (—{  ^1          CO 

rH  rH         rH 

rH  rH  rH  rH         rH 

1-1 

•<*  •*          •* 

rH  rH         rH 

rH  rH  rH  rH          r-l 

iH 

^^ 

o  is 

rH         i-l         rH 

rH  rH           rH 

•S*«i 
II 

&§ 

w* 

OB 

-< 

CO 
CD 

E 

CO 
•*«  IO  CD          rH 

"^ 
rH 

00 
b-  00        rH 

rHrH         ^ 

rH 

cq 

OS  O  rH  CQ          CQ 
rH  CQ  CQ  OJ         ^ 
rH 

CQ 
CQ 

H 

* 

co  Tji       cq 

««           CO 
CQ 

IO  CO         CO 

CQ  cq       CQ 

IO 
OQ 

O 
b-  00  OS  O         CO 
CQ  IM  CQ  CO         ^ 
CQ 

C 
c-t 

u^ 

5-1 

j 

. 

• 

• 

• 
J 

§ 

a 
B 

5 

"3 

>> 

N 

•3 

a 

t?  ' 

.2                      CD 
;£-    •>          60 

31  "     **               CS 

2           ! 
fri          <1 

Prelimina 
•  » 

Average 

CD 

M 

S3 

•*»               S 
g:  :  :      > 

H                    < 

Average 

Transitioi 
» 

Average 

Prelimina 
tt 

Average 

• 
M 
03 

«.         ® 

<».>  ~  ..        > 

EH                          ««J 

Average 

1914} 


DIGESTIBILITY  OF  EATIONS  FOR  STEERS 


273 


o 


S     "3 
W        Oi 


S  2 

§  g 

§  <§ 

&l  Z-s 


«  "3 

I     I          I 

O  OS  T}|         00 

co  co  cq      o 

J 

CO  IO        CO 
rH  b-        OS 

b-  O        CO 

IO  IO        O 

co  co  tfl  o      eo 

O  rH  00  IO         CO 

£ 

o 

.     . 

8S?2    £ 

'  • 

Cq  rH        rH 

?£        ^ 

to  Tji  Tji  Tji      T)5 

b-  b-b-  t-        |> 

i> 

*  ?n 

II          I 

oq  rH  cq      oo 

CD  O  CO         Td 

\ 

O  CO        rH 
O  CO        OS 

Cq  rH        iH 

co  co      eo 

OS  b-  OS  rH         03 
b-  OS  CJ  b-         CO 

0 
O5 

13 

<* 

.     . 

•*  OS  00         b- 

CO  CO  CO         CO 

• 

00  IO        CD 
CO  CO        CO 

OS  OS          OS 
CD  CD        CO 

00  b*  OS  00         CO 
CO  CD  CD  CO         CD 

00 
CD 

<o 

«H 

rH 
CO 
CO 

I     I           I 

O  OS  b-        b- 
TJH  b-  Cq         rH 

cq'  t^  oo'      co' 

CO  CO  CD          CO 

\ 

CO  O         CO 
CO  b-        tO 

t-^  eo'      id 

CD  CD        CD 

00  Tjf         CO 

oo  cq       b- 

co'  •*'      to 

CD  CD        CD 

CO  CO  b-  i-H        CO 

cq  eq  TJH  oo_      o 

CO  CO  CO  rH          CO 

co  co  co  co      co 

f2 

rH 

CO 

CO  b-          O 

»o  cq       as 

OS  •*  b-         O 

b-  cq  co      oo 

CD 

IO  b-         rH 

CO  OS        CO 

CO  OS         b- 
b-  OS         OO 

tO  rH  rH  rH          rft 
OS  b-  rH  CO          CO 

QC 

CO 

-*  b-          IO 

?O  CO         CO 

CO  O  OS          OO 
CO  b-  CO         CO 

b- 

co 

00  b-        OO 

CD  CD.      CO 

rH  CO         Cq 
b-  b-        b- 

co  cq  to  to      TJ< 

i^ 

« 

8  » 

O  CO         OS 
O  CO         rH 

00  O5  IO          •* 
OS  1O  rH         09 

cq 

CD  b-        i-H 

to  co     cq 

TX  00        CO 

co  cq      os 

IO  rH  rH  CO         O 
OS  O5  T}1  CO          Td 

"3 

cq 

• 
<H 

5* 

•di  co       id 

CD  CD         CD 

CO  rH  O         O 
CD  b-  b-        b- 

oo 

CD 

S£    t2 

rH  Cq         rH 

t-  i>      fr- 

rH rH  CO  Cq         03 
b-b-b-  b-        b. 

£ 

• 

to 

co 

Ob-          CO 

to  co      ••# 

tO  O5  OS          rH 

cq  Tj<  os      os 

£ 

OS  b-         CO 

I-H  cq      cq 

ee  cq      •* 

co  to      os 

os  o  oo  oo      co 

•*  O  CD  ••*         CO 

cq 

Tj- 

1 

co 

cq  co       *# 

CD  CO          CO 

O  O  00         O5 
b-  b-  CO         CO 

t^ 

cq  cq      cq 

b-  b-        b- 

os  cq      o 

CO  b-         b- 

rH  CO  rH  O          I-H 

r- 
t~ 

O 

cq 

to 

rH  OS          IO 

to  co      05 

rH  O5  rH          b- 

b-  co  eo      to 

b- 

"tf  00         rH 

oq  rH      oo 

as  o      05 

rH  Cq  Tt<  00          Tff 
Tjt  00  I-H  rH          t-H 

00 

c 

H 

CO 

IO  CD         IO 
CO  CD         CD 

b-  (M  i-H         O 
CO  b-  b-        b- 

00 

cc 

oq  I-H      cq 

b-  b-       b- 

ec  oi      cq 

b-  b-         b- 

cq  o  to  •«*       co 

t^ 

g  « 

25    SS 

co  o  co      cq 
oo  to  t*      l> 

co 

OS 

co  cq     os 

O  rH        IO 

co  eo      co 

CD  CO        ^H 

t*  co  rH  cq     t- 
cq  co  CD  o      10 

w 

i* 

S8    5 

OS  M  CO         rH 
CD  b-  t*         l> 

05 
CD 

Cq'  r-i        rH 
b.  b-        b- 

rH  CO        IO 
t-  t-        b- 

f-  IO  rH  IO        IO 

r-t-c-fr-      t> 

£ 

| 

os 

CO 

IO  CO          T}( 
IO  b-         CO 

T}(  CO  •*        to 
rH  CO  b-          b- 

0 

Th  co      oo 
•tf  I-H     cq 

oo  co      cq 

CO  O        b- 

o  cq  os  b-      t- 

b-  CO  OO  OS          O5 

1C 

IO  b-          rH 

co  to       co 

00  rH  Cq          O 
CO  b-  b-         b- 

l~ 

rH  rH        rH 
b-  b-        b- 

cq  to      eo 

b-  b-         b- 

££^g:   g: 

6» 

§ 

CO 
CO 

0  rH           IO 
IO  Cq         00 

cq  to  co       O 

CD  CO  00         b- 

s 

oo  cq      o 

CD  rH         OS 

C5  rH         tO 

oo  CD      cq 

CO  •«*  CO  O        rH 

CO 

co 

oo  b-       cq 

t>>  CO          b- 

rH  co  cq      cq 

eg 
t- 

(M  rH         rH 
b-  b-         b- 

CD  b-         b- 
b-  b-         b- 

oo  co  **  10      cc 

b-  b-  b-  b-         b- 

t: 

gft 

00  00         CO 

to  o      eo 

0  IO  rH         IO 

os  TJ<  cq      oo 

00 

o  to     cq 

rH  rH        rH 

b-  00         b- 

CD  0        CO 

co  co  o  cq      oo 

rH  CO  rH  O5         CO 

CO 

eo 

CD 

££    £ 

O  CD  b-         T}( 
t>  b-  b-         t* 

£ 

CD  CO       b- 

eq  •*      co 

CO  CO        CO 

Cq  rH  Cq  rH          rH 

CO  CO  00  CO         00 

(M 

00 

CO 

CD 

to 

05  0          "* 

o  co      co 

rH  00          b- 
CO  CO  CO          rH 

o 

00  rH         OS 
O  tO        b- 

tO  CO          O5 
OS  CM        tO 

O  O  O  CO         rH 
•^H  o  b-  b-         b- 

0 

i 

•  iH 

CD 

co  rH       cq 

t~  b-         b- 

b-b-b-         b- 

s 

b-  0        00 
b-  CO         b- 

eq  •<*       co 
oo  oo      oo 

co  co  I-H  cq       eq 
ao  oo  oo  oo      oo 

GO 

0 

to 

oo  b-       cq 

o  10       co 

os  o  cq      "^H 

rH  CO  i-H         IO 

to 

cq  os      to 

rH  b-         Tji 

OS  •*          CO 
CO  OS          I-H 

CO  CO  rH  00          IO 
OO  I—  IO  O        O 

•-D 

co 

cq  cq       cq 

t-  b-         b- 

rH  IO  b-         •<* 
t-  b-  b-         b- 

CO 
b- 

id  to      to 

b-  b-         b- 

cq  eo       co 
oo  oo      oo 

o  os  eq  I-H      i—  i 

OO  b-  00  OO          OO 

r- 
QC 

®  P- 

O    c3 

o  o      o 

O  0  0        O 

0 

00        O 

0  O        0 

o  o  o  o      o 

O 

a  g 

i—  1  rH         rH 

rH  rH  rH         rH 

I—  1 

to  to      os 

eo  co      eo 

co  co  co  co      co 

CO 

I-3 

s^ 

rH  rH         rH 

rH  iH  i-H         i-H 

1—  1 

rH  Cq         rH 
rH  rH         i-H 

rH  I—  i         l-H 

rH  rH  i-H  rH         rH 

rH 

pq  i 

as 
V 

rncq       c? 

rH 

CO 

-H 

co 

a  js      °? 
oo 

CO 
OrH  CXI  CO         rH 
i-H  rH  rH  rH         ^ 

rH 

CO 
00 

I 

•    • 

i 

1 

^ 

• 

"3 

^  '' 

Prelimina 
>  j 

Average 

& 

03 

O  "^    •*           ^ 

Average 

Transitioi 
)  > 

Average 

Prelimina 
>  i 

Average  . 

Si 

83 

**     '                          CD 
•  •*•«•»              ^ 

<D~     ~     ~              > 

H                    •< 

Average  . 

274 


BULLETIN    No.    172 


[June, 


(Eesults  expressed  in  percent) 

ii^ 

CO  t»  CO         TH 
t*  OS  CD        TH 

CD  IO        IO 
•*  03         CO 

•O  CM  rH  CO         03 
H  03  O3  C~         CO 

rH 

n 

o  t-       oo 

X  IO         CD 

H   00          OS 

x  os      co 

t-  rH  03  IO         O) 
50  O  IO  OS         O 

CD 
CO 

03  IO  t>         IO 
t»  I>  t»         t^ 

30  CO         CO 
t*  t-         t- 

>  00  OS  00  00 

c-  1-  t*  c-  t» 

X 

>  OS         00 

t»  t-      t» 

35  CO         OS 
t-  t-        !> 

X)  rH  O  O5         O 
>  CO  00  t»         00 

OS 

t> 

«H 

i—  I 

|l 

O  TH  O         CO    O  OS         TH 

co  TH  co      CD  r>  10      co 

05  CO  CO  O3         CO  i 
DO  N  CD  IO        O 

CO 
05 

eo  TH      co 

CO  0         CO 

O3  TH         CO 
OS  OS         TH 

CO  rH  OS  OS          OS 
>O  CD  00  03         O 

§5 

§O  CO         O5 
t-  l>         «O 

•#  tM         CO 
I>  t-         l> 

J3  TH  TH  TH  TH 

c2 

10  CD       TH 
t-  o     c- 

00  b-         CO 

t*  t-     t> 

CD  OS  rH  CO         OS 

t>  t*  oo  t-      r- 

* 

i-i 
co 
co 

TH  CO  CO          00 
O  CO  CM         OS 

t-  10      co 

t-  rH         OS 

CXI  CM  CO  00  b- 

o  b-  os  in  o 

e- 

ro 

TH  OS         CO 
LO  rH          OO 

M  rH         CO 

C~  CO  TH  OS          CO 

rH  OO  t-  O          TH 

CQ 

ta 

CM  TH  CO         TH 
CD  CO  CD         CO 

SO  CO         O 
C-  CD         b- 

CO  rH  O  rH          O 
5D  t-  b-  b-         b- 

O 
b- 

00  CO         O 
CO  b-         b» 

50  IO         IO 
b-  b-         b- 

CXI  IO  05  TH        10 
t~  b-  t~  b-         t~ 

tfj 

eo 

co 

CD 

co  10  co      co 
10  exi  co      co 

TH  CO            TH 

co  o      co 

t-  in  os  b-  os 

b-  00  CM  TH  O 

rH 

m 

CO  OS          TH 
TH  OO          IO 

CO  b-          rH 

IO  O  IO  O         CM 
O5  TH  O  IO         b- 

CM 

CO  to  00         TH 
CO  b-  b-          t~ 

ob-      co 

OS  CD  CO  b-  CO 
b-  t-  t-  t-  b- 

£ 

oo  oo      oo 

b-  b-         b- 

rH  O          rH 
CO  CO          00 

O  CO  TH  CM         CM 

oo  co  oo  oo       oo 

ic 

Two-thirds  feed 

|l 

rH  00  CM         O 
03  rH  0         CO 

t-  O        CO 
CD  O3         TH 

O  O3  00  03  IO 
CO  CD  03  IO  03 

rH 

co 

TH  CO        00 
CO  00         O 

03  O3        t> 

O  IO         t- 

03  t^  TH  OS         CO 
CD  O  CO  03         CO 

rH 
00 

O  IO  CD         CO 

b-  1>  r>      i> 

[«•  t-        C~ 

CD  l>  00  CD  t- 

£ 

CD  t-      t-  :oo  t-      r> 

t-  t*        t-  ;t-  b-       C- 

CO  OS  b-  CO         t" 

£ 

IO 

CO 
CD 

TH  m  os      os 

O  CM  CM          rH 

CM  rH        rH 

OS  CO  00  CO  OS 
CO  OO  IO  TH  CO 

CM 

os  03      in 

b-  05        00 

co  o       co 

IO  O         b- 

CO  OS  O  b-          O 

10  co  TH  in      oo 

a 
t- 

b-  CO  CO          rH 
CO  t~  b-         t~ 

TH  CM        CO 
t-  b-         t~ 

TH  CO  IO  CM  TH 

b? 

i-i  co      CM' 

b-  b-         b- 

TH  in      TH 

b-  b-        b- 

TH  in  co  m      TH 

£ 

CM 
10 

CD 

os  co  in      CM 

CO  rH   b-           TH 

co  o      co 

OS  O         TH 

CM  OS  00  CM  CO 

10  co  os  co  co 

N 

OS  IO         CM 
00  b-         CO 

CM  IO         00 
IO  O         b- 

03  in  oo  TH      «o 

b-  TH  CM  O         00 

cc 

CO  b-  CO          CO 
t~  t-  b-          b- 

O  CM          rH 

00  CO         00 

CO  CO  O  O  OS 
b-  b-  00  00  t- 

C 
CC 

O  I-H          rH 

oo  oo      oo 

rH  O         O 

oo  oo       oo 

00  CM  rH  rH          O 
b-  CC  CO  00          00 

o 
oo 

o 

9 

E 

i 
fl 

0 

|l 

TH  03  OS         03 
CD  iH  IO         rH 

TH  rH         03 

q  03       CD 

IO  rH  IO  rH  00 
O5  00  O  t-  CO 

CD 

O5  OS        TH 
CO  OS         CO 

CO  b-        O 
TH  OS         C- 

O  OS  rH  CO          OS 
O3  O5  rH  03         CO 

co 

iH 

CO  CO  CO         CO 
C-  t-  t>        t* 

OS  O         OS 
t»  00         C- 

CD  OS  i-5  CJ  OS 
t-  0  CO  b-  l> 

* 

OS  O        O 
O  CO         00 

os  os       os 

C-  t-        t» 

OS  O  0  rH         O 

r>  co  oo  oo      co 

§ 

05 

co 

CO 

TH  t-  CXI          00 

t~  rH  CO          rH 

CO  rH          b- 
TH  CO         00 

i-H  Tf<o  IO  CM 
CD  OO  OS  CO  O5 

CM 

rH  CD            TH 

CM  os      in 

00  TH         CO 

O  TH  in  in         rH 
O  CM  CO  rH         IO 

eg 

CM 

CXI  CO  CD          in 

O  rH          O 
00  00          00 

b-  OO  OO  OO  b- 

O 

CC 

00  O          OS 
t-  00         b- 

CD  O        00 
b-  CO         b- 

OS  CO  O  O         OS 
t~  b-  00  CO         b- 

c: 

co 

CO 

co 

m  cc  b-      t~ 

m  o  m      o 

CO  rH          00 
CO  rH          CO 

0  OS  rH  b-  TH 
CO  t-  CM  O  CO 

05 

CM  CO         CM 

in  co      m 

O  TH         b- 

O  THb-  b-        t^ 

TH  t-  IO  CO        CM 

c 
I—, 

TH  CO  O         b- 
t-  t~  00         b- 

b-  os      oo 
t^  t—      t~ 

co'  06  I-H  os'  06 

b-  t~  00  b-  t- 

CC 

TH  TH          rH 

oo  oo      oo 

CM  OS         O 

OO  b-         OO 

OS  CO  OS  CM         rH 
b-  CO  t~  00         CO 

1— 
cc 

Maintenance 

II 

t-  CO  O        t- 
l>  rH  CO          rH 

O  OS         OS 
TH  OS        CO 

00  TH  b-  TH  CO 
O  rH  CO  1-1  IO 

0 
CD 

CO  iH        03 
CO  TH        CO 

TH  t-        IO 
CO  TH        CO 

O  CO  O3  TH        M 

rH  CO  b-  O5         O 

> 

rH  O3  03         03 

co  oo  oo       oo 

03  03         03 
00  00         00 

03  rH  03  TH  03 
CO  CO  00  00  CO 

S3 

rH  CO         OJ 

CO  CO         CO 

CM  O         rH 
CO  00         00 

CO  TH  CM  rH         CO 
00  CO  00  00         00 

s 

co 

10 

co 

o  co  in      o 

CO  CO  CO          CM 

TH  m      TH 

OS  CO        CO 

oo  in  CM  co  co 
10  os  TH  TH  b- 

S 

CM  CO         O 
TH  b-        i-H 

«O  CM         TH 

CM  TH         CO 

m  in  in  r-i      rn 
co  in  o  co      o 

« 

co  co  CM      eo 

OO  00  00          00 

rH  CO        CM 

00  00         00 

rH  rH  CM  IO  CM 

co  oo  oo  oo  b- 

<M 

CC 

CM  rH         CXI 

co  oo      oo 

CM  00         O 

OO  b-        OO 

CM  CO  rH  O          CM 

co  oo  oo  oo      oo 

r-i 
CC 

o 
in 
co 

TH  rH  IO          CO 

05  05  10          rH 

CO  CO         TH 
00  CD         b- 

O5  CO  CO  rH  TH 
IO  CO  CO  TH  CO 

« 

IO  IO        IO 

CM  O        rH 

CM  CO         b- 

TH  IO          05 

in  eg  os  oo      co 

CO  CM  CO  CM         O 

O 

t- 

OS  O  CM          rH 
t-  CO  OO          OO 

CM  CM        CM 

00  00          CO 

CM  O  CO  CO  CM 

OO  OO  OO  OO  OO 

c\i 

CO 

rH  IO          CO 
00  OO          00 

CO  CM         CM 

00  CO          00 

co  IO  TH  co        TH 
oo  oo  oo  oo      oo 

cc 

cc 

Eatio  of 
hay  to 

0*3 

•*»  <» 

O  O  O        O 

o  o      o 

0000  0 

o 

CO  OS          CO 

do'      o 

rH  rH         rH 

I-H  i-H  rH  rH          rH 

I— 

TH   TH   TH            OS 

m  m      in 

m  m  in  in  to 

in 

b-  rH          ^J 

TH  TH            TH 

TH  TH  TH  TH           TH 

r-. 

CO  i—i  TH         CO 

rH  rH         rH 

rH  i-H  rH  rH  rH 

rH 

rH  rH         ^ 

rH  rH         rH 

rH  rH  rH  rH         rH 

0    0 

rH          rH          rH 

in 

CO 
TH  in  CO          rH 
rH  rH  rH          ^ 

rH 

L^  CO         00 
i-l  rH         i-H 

r-t 

CM 
OS  O  rH  CM  CM 
rH  CM  CM  CM  ^ 

rH 

CM 

r-l 

CO  TH         CM 

N  ^         CO 
CM 

CO 
IO  CO        CM 
03  CM         ^ 
CM 

O 

b-  oo  os  o      eo 

CM  CM  CXI  CO        i^. 
CM 

O 
CC 

OJ 

* 

£ 

Transitional  
)  i 

Average  

b" 

Transitional  . 
» 

f  > 
Average  .... 

fr'- 

Prelimina 
» 

Average 

<S 
bl> 

J                '        | 
on  ~    »,    — 

<o  -  -  -       5 

EH  <J5 

Average 

Prelimina 
>  ) 

Average  . 

COD 
cfi 

EH~                   •< 

Average 

1914] 


DIGESTIBILITY  OF  RATIONS  FOR  STEERS 


275 


a 

PH 

a  C^ 

«  o 

g  8 

0  §3 

r^  & 


§i^ 

00  rH  CO         m 
00  00  O         CM 

• 

oo  o       co 

CO  t^        IO 

Qi   ^f          rH 
t>  rH        CD 

00  OS  t-  CM         OS 

IO  CO  t*  00         CO 

eo 

^d 

0 

•    • 

co  co  cs      co 

• 

:O  CO         CO 

CO  O         00 
rH  IO        rH 

OS  t-  O  CS         CS 

'•* 

®  a 

;     • 

t*  r»  m      in 

CO  CO  CO         rH 

* 

in  CO         rH 
CO  CO         rH 

O  CD       CO 
CO  O        OS 

eo  co  CM  m      co 

r-t  O  CO  OS          t~ 

co 

l-H 

1 

i- 

$38         3 

> 

o  os      o 

rH  CO         r|i 

OS  CO        CM 

OS  CM  CM  rH         rH 

rh 

1 

CD 

:  :      : 

1C  O  1C         CO 
1C  1C  CM         rH 

; 

1C  O         b- 
00  O         rH 

CO   CO           OO 
O  rH           1C 

t-  rH  eq  ic       os 

OO  t~  rH  b-         CO 

03 

CO 

a 
p 

.  . 

rH  CM'  i-H         OS 
rH  rH  CO        CO 

l>-  rH         CD 
CO  CO         CO 

CO  CO           OS 

CO  rH         CO 

OO  rH  rH  OS          CO 

3 

CO 
CO 

••O  1C         >C 
1C  1C         1C 

O  OO  CO         OO 
OO  rH  rH         rH 

i-l 
eo 

"O  O         CD 
00  O3         O 

t-  O         00 
1C  O         CM 

O  CD  CM  CD          00 
rH  CO  CM  rH         b- 

c. 

CO 

33     58 

CD  00   OS           rH 

rH  CO  CO         rH 

CM 

CO  rH         rH 

CO  OS         CO 

OS  C<I  rH  O          1C 

rH  rH  rH  1C         rH 

rf 

- 

g  ® 

<M  CM         t- 

t-  o      co 

CO  t-  CO         CM 

os  co  CM      in 

CO 

co 

CM  O         CO 

mo      CM 

rH  rH         CM 

t*  co      o 

CO  rH  IO  CD         OS 

co  os  CD  in      os 

CO 

<H 

<« 

rH  OS          0 

CD  <M  00         CM 

51 

""      " 

i>  d      os 

OS  b-  CM  OS         OS 

o 

rH 

OQ 

OS  OS         rH 
CO  CO         >C 

OO  CM  00         OS 
1C  Cq  CD         rH 

a 

rH  OS         CO 
OS  OS         rH 

1C  rH           OO 
-H  rH          CM 

CO  CD  CO  CO         rH 
rH  OS  1C  1C         O 

l>- 

CO 

rH  OS         O 
rH  CO        rH 

O  O  CD         CM 

1C  rH  CO         rH 

3 

OS  OO         OS 

CO  CO           CO 

CO          O 
1C  1C          1C 

O  t-  CO  Cq          rH 

1C  rH  >C  1C         1C 

IC 

0 

£ 

CM 

1C  1C         O 
O  CO         CM 

rH  CM  OO         1C 
CO  1C  t-         1C 

T—  I 

CD 

rH  eq       co 

rH  O          O 

t~  00           t- 

os  ic       t» 

CO  b-  b-  OS         rH 
1C  00  b-  1C        OS 

U3 

1C 

H 

CO 

CM  00         O 

rH  CO        rH 

CO  rH  OS         CM 

3 

1C  1C         »C 

rH  1C         rH 

OS  b-  r-  CO          00 

rH  rH  1C  rH        rt- 

or 

rrt. 

go 

O  r|t        t* 
t-  CO         CO 

CO  rH  t--         rH 
rH  CO  00         in 

C3 

rng       5! 

O  CM         rH 
CO  b-         O 

m  os  t-  CM      o 

b-  OS  rH  rH        rH 

CO 

CD 
CD 

<* 

CD  O         CO 
IO  rH        rH 

00  in  OS         rH 

CO 

CO  rH         in 

OS  CM         iH 
rH  IO        IO 

CM  rH  rH  rH         CO 

m  in  m  in      m 

CM 

h 

OS 
CO 

os  oo      oo 

rH  rH   rH           CXI 
rH  1C  CD          rH 

CO 

CO  rH          CO 
OS  OS          OS 

CM  rH        -CO 

CO  00          O 

1C  rH  CM  CO          CO 

rH  ic  or  co       oo 

oc 

,0 

CO 

00  1C         CM 
rH  CO        rH 

O  CD  OS         1C 
1C  rH  CO         rH 

-£ 

rH  1C          00 
1C  rH         rH 

CO  CO          rH 
rH  1C        IO 

rH  CO*  1C  1C*        rH 
>C  1C  1C  1C         1C 

cc 

a 

Q 

CO 

CD 

CO  b-          rH 

CM  rH  CO           1C 
b-  rH  rH          CD 

«o 

C\J 

00  O         OS 
CO  rH         00 

OO  CO         1C 
CM  CD         OS 

rH  OO  CO  OO         OO 
CO  rH  rH  OS         OS 

•f 

(D 

CO 

CO  rH        1C 

CO  rH  O         CO 

00 

O'  CO'          rH 

O  rH          O 
1C  1C         1C 

rH  O  CO  CM          rH 
1C  1C  1C  1C         1C 

I— 
1C 

fc   JD 

t-  CM        OS 
Ob-        00 

m  m  m      oo 

rH  CO  CO         rH 

£ 

in  co      in 
os  b»      eo 

rH  CM         CO 
CO  CD         rH 

CM  O  CM  CD         CM 

CD  CD  rH  CO         rH 

rH 
rH 

CD 

O 
(3 

•S5* 

CM  in      oo 

co  t-  CM      m 

T§ 

CO  CO         CO 

O  CM         rH 

mm      10 

CD  t-  CO  O         OS 
rH  rH  IO  IO        rH 

0 

cS 
0 
CD 

CO 

<c  o      t- 
ic  oo      co 

OS  1C  00          rH 
rH  CO  CO          rH 

rH 

OS  OS          OS 
CO  OO          CM 

-^  1C         OS 
CO  OO          O 

rH  OS  co  rH        rH 
CO  OO  OO  rH         CM 

C 
1C 

"0 

CO 

1C  1C         1C 

t-  OO  CO          b- 

0 
1C 

t-  CM         O 

^  1C         1C 

1C  1C         1C 

CO  00  CM  CM         O 

rH  rH  1C  1C         1C 

rH 

s 

o 

1C 

OS  1C         CM 

CM  CO  CM         b- 

t-  CO  CD         1C 

Jo 

oa  co       eq 

CM  CO         rH 

rH  OJ         CO 
CO  CO         OO 

rH  rH  CS  O!          1C 
CO  CO  CO  CM          CD 

en 
t> 

CO 

OS  CD          CO 

1C  CO  OO          CO 

ro 

O  rH         CM 

b-  O         00 
rH  1C        rH 

CD  CD  CO  00          00 
rH  rH  1C  rH        rH 

oo 

•* 

°0    0 

O    c$ 

o  o      o 

O  0  0        0 

0 

00        0 

00        0 

0000         0 

C 

.2  "T 

2  a 

rH  rH           rH 

rH  <—  1   rH           rH 

rH 

1C  1C         CS 

CO  CO         CO 

CO  CO  CO  CO          CO 

CC 

1-3 

O  'c 

rH  rH          rH 

rH  rH  rH          rH 

rr 

-H  CM         rH 
i—  1  rH          rH 

rH  rH          rH 

rH  i—  1  i—  1  rH         rH 

^ 

'Si 

M    < 

3    00 

\M 

rH 

TO    HH  O          "? 

M 

-.0  *-      ^T 

CO 

00  OS          9 
00 

CO 
O  rH  CM  CO         rH 
-H  rH  rH  rH         ^ 

rH 

cc 
00 

. 

1 
" 
o 

;-,' 

i—  i 

I'relimina 

» 

Average 

§0 

tLY   s 

Average 

Transitio 
>  > 

Average 

Prelimina 

}  > 

Average 

O 

M 

cS 
^ 

£:  :  :      > 

H                    < 

Average 

276 


BULLETIN   Xo.    172 


[June, 


i§3 

t—  IO  C^         CO  i  C—  00         t—    CD  b—  rH  O         00 
IQOO         CMC-CO         OOSCMOCO         CO 

00 
(N 

CO  CO         CO 
rH  rH         CD 

CM  CO         O 

OS  O        IQ 

CO  CM  CO  CO         Tjl 
rH  CO  IO  TH         CM 

t-  rH  OS           OS 
TH  IO  TH         TH 

cs  oo       cs 

cs  co  TH  N      exi 

TH  IQ  IQ  IO         IQ 

£ 

o"  to      c4 

CO  CO         CO 

CD  CD         CD 
CD  CO         CO 

CO  O  CS  CD         CO 
CD  D-  CD  CO         CO 

£ 

7S 

9 

<H 

I 

|l 

TH  CS  CM         Cxi 
CO  CM  t-         CM 

CM  TH         CO 
IO  Til         OS 

CD  CO  IO  TH         OS 
CO  OS  CD  TH         O 

£ 

CO  CS          CO     t-  00          t- 
00  CM         0    IO  1-         rH 

CM  CD  tO  IQ         Cxi 
CO  CO  CD  O         CM 

£ 

rH  00  IQ          IO 

oo  to      co 

CS  rH  CO  OS         rH 
TH  IO  IQ  TH         IO 

TH 

00  CO         rH 
IQ  CD         CD 

CO  t-        t- 

CD  CO        CO 

CD  OS  O  CD         CO 
CD  CO  t*  CD         CD 

CO 

rH 

co 

CO 

TH  TH  rH           O 
00  b-  O          CM 

CXI  CM         b- 

O  CO         rH 

oc  CD  os  t-      t- 

CO  IO  I-H  t-        TH 

I—  1 

O  00        Ci 
t-  O        CO 

Ol  T}<         r-l  !Tf<  O  IO  rH         CXI 

cxi  to      os  .I-H  cs  cc  t-      »o 

re 

O  rH  Tff           CXI 

cs'  co"      CD" 

t-  00  CXI  IO         00 

T? 

t-  co     •  o 

IO  CO        CO 

TH  IO        TH 

CD  CD         CD 

CD  CO  CC  CD        CD 

10 

CD 

co 
co 

CO 

TH  00  TH           CXI 

CO  b-         O 
O  IO         OO 

tO  rH  i—  1  CXI          CXI 

CO  CO  rH  rH          b— 

to  Ico  o      co 

t-    OS  IO        b- 

CD  CO         TH 
OO  O         TH 

i—  1  CXI  IO  OS         CM 

to  oo  os  co      os 

~ 

CM  TH  b-           00 

SO  b-        b- 

rH  IO  IO  CO         CO 
IO  IO  IO  IO        IO 

rH 
1C 

OS  CO         rH 
IO  CO        CO 

00  O        OS 
CO  t-        CD 

00  CO  CO  I-         O 

co  t-  b—  co       b- 

- 

b> 

nd 
to 
<o 

<H 

BO 

TJ 

•  i-t 

6 

|l 

CO  IO  00         CM 
0  O  CD         CS 

co  co       co 

rH  O  OS  TH          CO 
TH  t-  CO  TH         0 

03 

O  OS         OS 
rH  CO         OS 

os  o      as 

TH  CO         CO 

CO  THCM  IQ        CO 
O  CM  OS  TH         CD 

g 

30  CS  CO         t- 

co  co      t- 

t*  rH  TH  O         rH 
TH  tO  IQ  IO        IQ 

9 

CO  CO         O 
IO  CD         CO 

TH  IQ         TH 
CO  CO         CD 

IQ  CO  CO  TH         CO 
CD  CD  CO  CD         CO 

co 
cc 

IO 
CO 

CD 

to  oo  o       oo 

30  rH  OO         CM 

OS  CXI         O 

to  o      oo 

tO  O  OO  tO        b- 

CXI  00  OS  OO         TH 

1C 
94 

CM  IO        00 
b-  O         CO 

CO  TH        CO 
(M  TH         CO 

CXI  OS  OS  OS          CM 
CD  rH  t-  TH          IO 

T 

l>»  b—  CO          CD 

t-OO         b- 

00  CO  IO  b-          rH 
TH  IO  IO  TH        IO 

O 
1C 

to"  eo*      os 

tO  CD         to 

TH  CD"      to 

CO  CD         CO 

TH  COb-  CO          IO 
CD  CD  CD  CD        CD 

1C 

oq 
IO 

CO 

r-  1  CO  CO           b- 

CM  OS  IO         tO 

CS  CO          rH 
Ob-        OS 

OO  O  O  TH        IQ 

in  CD  TH  o      co 

I— 

OS  CO        rH 

IO  t-         CO 

t-   I-H             TH 

THO  CD  CM         O 

TH  CO  O  TH        00 

£ 

oo  o  os       cs 

TH   IO   TH              TH 

OS  TH         CO 

CD  OS  CO  CO         O 
TH  TH  to  IO        IO 

2 

O  TH        CXI 

CD  CO         CD 

CO  CO        CD 

to  o  o  in      t- 

CO  b-  b-  CD         CD 

to 

TJ 

a 

9 

E 

"3 

fl 

O 

|i 

O  IQ  IQ        t- 

LO  G)  O)        *^ 

co  r>      co 

CO  CM        OS 

t-  t-  CM  CM         TH 

c-  TH  to  oo      CD 

£ 

TH  CO         CO 
CO  OS         CO 

OS  IO         CM 
CS  CD         00 

O  CO  CD  CM         CO 
t-  t-  O  TH        t- 

c: 

C 

0  TH  TH        CO 
tQ  1Q  to        IO 

CM  r-i         rH 
IQ  IQ        IQ 

CM  t-  CO  TH         TH 
IQ  IQ  IO  tO         tO 

CM  CM         CM 

CO  CO         CD 

CO  TH         IQ 
CO  CO         CO 

TH  rH  t-  t-        t- 

CD  t-  CD  CD         CD 

& 

OS 
CO 
CD 

TH  ^H  rH           CO 

OS  00  i-H          OS 

CO  rH           CO 
b-  i-H          OS 

rH  CXI  tH  t-          O 
CO  CO  00  t-          CXI 

b- 

OO  t-          t- 

fO  OS         rH 

coin      cxi  10  b-  to  CD      I-H 
too      oocoocooo      cs 

1C 
1C 

O  b-  O           TH 

to  to  to      to 

tO  CM        CO 
IQIO        IO 

CXI  CS  CXI  IO        IO 

IO  IO  to  IO        IO 

iQ 

O  i-H         rH 

co  co      co 

IO  TH         TH    CD  i-H  O  t-'        00* 

CO  CD         CO  |CO  b-  b-  CD        CD 

t- 

co 

CO 
CO 

b-  CD  O         OO 

o  o  oo       os 

b-ro        0 
tO  TH        O 

CO  IO  TH  t-        CS 

OS  CO  CXI  00         O 

33 

o  os      os 

CO  OO         O 

CM  IO         CO 
TH  <M         00 

in  oi  b-  os      in 

o  co  t-  os      in 

2 

O  CM  CO          i-H 
10  10  IO         IO 

os  o      o 

rH  iO        IO 

(M  IO  TH  CO         TH 

to  to  to  to      10 

1C 

TH  CO         TH 

co  co      co 

oo  in      CD 

CD  CD         CO 

co'  exi  co'  co      co' 

CO  t-  CD  CD        CO 

£ 

Maintenance 

1^ 

O  OS  TH         rH 
rH  CO  OS         CO 

83    & 

OS  IQ  OS  O         CO 
CM  OS  i-H  IQ         t* 

TH 
X 

IQ  CM        CO 
(M  TH         CO 

CO  O         rH 
CO  CO         rH 

t-  co  tH  o      co 

TH  TH  CD  CO         CO 

Oi 

in 

O  rH  CO         0 
•-O  IQ  TH         tO 

os  o      os 

^  LO         'T 

SrH  TH  TH         CM 
IQ  IQ  tO         IQ 

i-i 

to 

rH  O         IO 
CD  t»        CO 

OS  CD         CO 
CD  CO         CO 

CO  CO  rH  t-         O 
CO  t-  C-  CO         t* 

i 

CO 

to 
co 

VO  TH  00         CM 

00  CS  00         CM 

OS  ft         0 

vt  t-      to 

00  rH  00  IO          CO 
t-  00  O  TH        IO 

1C 

X 

CO  CS         CM 
CXI  IO         TH 

rH  in         OO  i  O  b—  CO  TH         TH 
t-OO         b-    O  O  CXI  TH        TH 

~- 

-H  !N  IO         O 
IO  to  TH         IO 

00        0 
iO  tO        IO 

00  rH  CXI  t-        CXI 
TH  IO  to  IO        IO 

1—  I 
IO 

co  co      co 

cs  in      t- 

CO  CO         CD 

os  co  o  in      cs 

CO  b-  t-  CO        CD 

pc 

o 

10 

co 

to  to  o      o 

CO  OO  O         TH 

oo  cxi      10 

b-  rH         TH 

rH  O  O  IO         TH 

00  rH  JO  IO         OS 

c^ 

TH  CO         to 
(M  CNI         CM 

IO  IO        IO 

IO  CO        TH 

to  coto  co      eo 

OS  OO  OS  rH          CM 

^ 
eo 

00  O  CM         O 
TH  tO  IO         IO 

oo  o      os 

TH  IO        TH 

rH  CXI  'O'  rH          CXI 

to  to  to  to      10 

IO 

rH  CO         b- 
•-O  t-         CO 

OS  b-         00 

CD  CO         CO 

b-  CO  CM  O          rH 

co  b-  b-  b-       b- 

o 

m        _  i-; 
°  o  £  § 

O  O  O         O 

00        0 

0000        0 

e 

CO  OS          CO 
O  CS        O 

rH  rH          i—  1 

rH  rH  rH  rH         rH 

i—  i 

TH    TH    TH               OS 

to  to      in 

to  to  in  to      10 

1C 

t-  rH         TH 

TH    TH             TH 

TH  TH  TH  TH        TH 

"?"- 

CO  ^j  TH         CO 

rH  rH          rH 

i—  1  rH  TH  I—  1          rH 

I-l 

TH    TH             TH 

rH  rH         rH 

i-H  TH  rH  rH         i—  1 

—  1          rH          •—  | 

-H  rH          rH 

111 

H  a  * 

0 

TH    10   CO             TH 

rH  rH  rH          ^ 

rH 

00 
b-  00          rH 
rH  rH          ^ 

rH 

CXI 

os  o  i-i  M       cxi 

•    rH 

03 

CO  TH        CXI 
CO 
(M 

co 
in  co      cxi 

"             to 

CM 

O 
b-  00  OS  O         CO 
CXI  CXI  CM  CO         ^ 
CM 

e 

re 
0 

1 

CD 

Transitional  

>  > 

Average  

C 

Transitional  . 
» 

» 
Average  .... 

.;: 

Prelimina 

j  r 

Average  . 

• 

OS 

£"                     < 

Average  . 

Prelimina 
j  i 

Average  . 

CO 

bo 

CS 
f.V;           | 

£~                     < 

Average  . 

a  -a 


2    S 
Q   « 


f 


19U] 


DIGESTIBILITY  OF  RATIONS  FOR  STEERS 


277 


w    a 
§-§ 

a  a 


d   8 


is 
5° 

0^ 

<M 

O 

i  :      i 

CD  ci  m     co 

0  CO  t-        N 

c>  oi  co      oi 
t-  ^  t>      i> 

\ 

rH  CO          CO 
Cl  •*          CO 
CO  CO         CO 
C-  C-       t- 

csi  oo      o 

•*  rH          00 

122!     S2 
t-  1~     t* 

CO  CO  tO  00         N 

IH  oo  ci  eo      eo 

co"  -^  06  id       co 

00 

•* 
d 
t> 

gft 

O  CD  t-          rH 
00  CO  (M         Cl 

: 

ci  d      in 

CM  CD         Cl 

CO  N         t* 
t--*         0 

rH  rH  00  00         C4 
00  TH  00  in         Cl 

0 
CO 

T3 

^rt 

.  . 

t>  t-  rH          CO 

CO  CD  t-        CO 

Cl  O         Tj) 
CD  CD         CO 

in  ci      •<* 

CD  CO         CD 

N  co  TH  <N      w 

t-  CD  CD  CO         CD 

m 

CD 

(9 

«H 

a 

3 

rH 

CO 

co 

M   i 

t~  oo  in      co 
as  «q  w      co 

jq  cq*  00        •*' 

co  co  co      co 

| 

co  ci      co 

O    t-.              Tjj 

CO  Ci          rH 

co  in      co 

Cl  OO         CO 

in  co      b- 

Ci    Cl                ^ 

m  •*      m 

0  T}<  TH  ci       oq 

i—  1  CC  i—  1  in         rH 

rH  CO  CXI  Cl         TH 
t~  CO  CC  m         CC 

c-. 

ST. 
C 
CC 

rS 

CO 

CO 

35  CO           t~ 
in  O5          (M 

CO  •*  Cl         Cl 
CO  CO  N          I-H 

?! 

CNJ 

co  in      cj 
in  Tji      -t< 

b-  b-         <N 

00  Cl         -* 

(M  00  <M  b-         CXI 
ITS  rH  CC  in          b- 

(M 

^r 

co 

•tf  rH           CO 

<M  «q  •*        co 

M 

in  rH          CO' 

rH  ^t          CO 

•^  cc  b-  in      b- 

o-. 

CO  O  CD         CC 

"" 

>d 

^?n 

00  05          Cl 
Cl  Cl         Cl 

ci  in  co      •* 
o  in  o      <N 

•* 

CJ 

Cq  O         iH 

CD  CXI         Cl 

CD  TH        in 
OJ  CO         Cl 

TH  CO  t-  CO        Tjt 
TH  IH  CNJ  C-          rH 

rH 

•* 

« 

«H 

^^ 

eo  eo       eo 
l»  l>       l> 

ci  m  <M      o» 

CO  t-  t»        t- 

(N 

c~ 

CO  CD         ^ 

l»  t»     t- 

m  rjt         rH 

t-  t-      t- 

t-  Cl  TH  Cl          O 

C-  b-  oo  t~      oo 

00 

t- 

X! 

T3 

in 

o 

o  oo       •* 

*n  co       co 

t-  rH  b-          in 

oq  Tj<  <M       o 

in 

co 

b-  CXI         Tjf 

rH  CO         t- 

O  rH           O 
rH  in         CO 

oo  o  eq  in      01 
o  co  ci  t-      in 

Ci 

•* 

•  FH 

co 

•£>  co       co 

Cl  CO  CXI          rH 

re 

00  •<**          CO 

CD  T)H      in 

cc  cc  in  o      1-1 

Cl 

o-  1—       t— 

co  t—  t»      t- 

• 

O 
^ 

Od 

m 

t^iH         •* 

in  rH           CO 

rH  O  Cl          CO 
Cl  t-»  OO         CO 

-f 

SQ 

OO  00          CO 

o  o      o 

CXI  CO          O 
HH  b-        CO 

rH  b-  CO  CXI          i-H 

oo  co  co  b-      b- 

•<f 

M 

EH 

co 

rH  rH           rH 
t~  t-           t~ 

OO  t~  rH          Cq 

W 
t~ 

TJ*  oo      co 

t-  t-         b- 

b-  b-        b- 

06  TH  exi  oo       06 
t~  t-  oo  t-      t- 

t- 
t^ 

rg 

g?n 

^W  CO         CO 

eo  co      eo 

01  CO  tH         O 

t>-  m  co      CM 

!8 

eo  co      in 

rH  Cl         O 

0«  •*        00 

m  o      CM 

as  w  m  t»     m 

rH  O  O  CO         CM 

CO 
Ci 

<S 
<D 

m 

^^ 

Cl  IO        t- 
O  C-        I> 

eg  co  co      •* 

l>t^C-        t» 

g 

00  Cl         Cl 

t*  t-      l> 

frj  CD        Cl 
00  l>        t- 

Ol  Cl  CO  Cl        O 
b-  r>  00  t-        00 

03 

t> 

n3 
h 

Cl 

co 

TO  (M         CXI 

00  OO         CO 

t^  in  co      co 

CO  CO  O         CXI 

e» 

-T 

t~io      co 

o  •*      t» 

cxi  o      co 

CXI  b-        T*H 

O  Cl  CC  rH          Cl 

•<**  co  cc  cq      o 

CC 
00 

^= 

-VJ 

CO 

O  •*         <N 
C-  t-          t~ 

rH  Cl  CO          CXI 

t*.  co  t>-      t~ 

^i 

t» 

31  00         00 
o-  1-       t>. 

rH  b-          Cl 

eo  b-      t~ 

CO  CO  r-l  00          O 
OO  b-  OO  t-          CO 

CJ 
t^ 

OJ 

fl 

Q 

co 

co 

m  m      in 

00  00          00 

t~  oo  co      -*f 

O  t-  m          rH 

sq 

^P 

0  rH          in 

CM  in      co 

cxi  co      o 

CO  CO         rH 

Cl  O  •*  CO          i-H 
OS  CO  <N  iH          TJH 

oo 

cr. 

co 

t-  in           rH 

00  t-          CO 

rt<  t~  co      co 
t-  t^  t~       t~ 

X 

t* 

t-  rH          Cl 
(>•  CO         b- 

co  •*      ci 

00  b-         b- 

TfH  rH  TH  rH          O 
t-  OO  OO  OO          OO 

C: 

t- 

gft 

Cl  CO         iH 
rH  CD         •** 

•*  CD  CO         CO 

CD  t*  co      m 

rH 

03 

00  in         rH 

mo      oo 

00  O         O 

rH  CD         00 

t-  t-  CM  CO         t- 

O  CO  CD  IQ         O 

oo 

CM 

<B 
O 

a 

^^ 

^  ^i        ^1 
C*-  t>        t> 

o  •*  m      eo 
t~  i>  t-      t~ 

co 
I> 

•*  t~      m 
t-  t-      t* 

oo  in      CD 

t-  C-         b- 

in  t~  co  01      06 

C-  t-  00  C»         I> 

CO 

t> 

03 
Q 

co 
m 

xi  cq      in 

31  CO          rH 

rO  rH  CO          b- 

00  Cl  rH          Cl 

•« 

00 

CQ  rH         CD 

cxi  in      co 

TH  rH           b- 

cq  b-       ci 

oo  •*  in  TH      in 
o  01  cq  in      ci 

5> 

(M 

•M 

p) 

co 

CO  00          CO 

o  in  in      co 

-t 

cq  oo      in 

b-  TH      in 

CO  b-  CXI  CO         b- 

t- 

^ 

0 

in 

O  •*         t~ 

•^  01       co 

co  cxi  ci      ci 

•*  CO  ^         rH 

00 

Ci 

in  o      t- 

Cl  CD         CXI 

CO  O          rH 
rH  in          00 

b-  iH  Cl  CO          O 

o  TH  os  m      o 

t- 
N 

co 

-*  o       eq 
t-  1-       t^ 

o  co  in      co 
t^  t~  t~      t~ 

(M 
t^ 

co  in      co 

t-  b-         b- 

Cl  CO        b- 
t-  t-          b- 

b-  b-  TH  o      o 

b-  t-  CO  CO          CO 

05 
[- 

»H 
°   S 

o  "3 

**  § 

o  o      o 

0  0  O        O 

C 

00        O 

0  O        O 

O  0  0  0        0 

O' 

i-^N 

2  3 

i-H  rH          i-H 

rH  rH  rH         rH 

r-l 

m  m      ci 

so  co      co 

co  eo  co  co       co 

CO 

sl 

M-*4 

S.-3 

«    0 

rHrH         r-l 

rH  tH  rH          iH 

rH 

i-H  CXI        rH 

rH  rH          rH 

rH  rH         iH 

!-H  I—  1  rH  i—  1          rH 

iH 

t] 

ft 

M 

W  i 

2  oo 
2^ 

3    * 
D    » 

a  ^ 

-IW          «? 
rH 

MTJ<10           "? 

CO 

in 

rH 

C0t~         T 

co 

3001        9 
00 

CO 
O  rH  IN  CO          rH 
i-l  i-H  rH  rH         ^ 

rH 

CO 

rl 

CO 

•    . 

" 

2 

C 

>» 

in 

i?  ' 

PH 

Prelimina 

» 

Average 

<s 
M 

03 

I/.           | 

aj  »N    •»            ^ 

H                  < 

Average 

Transitiol 
)  > 

Average 

Prelimina 
» 

Average 

• 

M 

03 

*                          * 

S:  :  :      > 

EH                       < 

Average 

278 


BULLETIN   No.    172 


||J 

co  :o  cs       10 

IQ   rH   •*           O 

CD  CQ         OS 
CO  •*         00 

CQ  b-  OQ  rH         IO 

CO  00  CO  O         •* 

CD 

rH  IO          CQ     1C   O          b- 
OQ  00         O    •*  iH         b- 

os  cs  os  co      o 

CQ  CO  CO  rH         OO 

r# 

30  t>  00          00 
t>  b-  b-          b- 

00  OS         00 
b-  b-         t* 

OS  00  OS  O         OS 
b-  b-  b-  00         t» 

® 

OQ  IO         TH 

CO  00         00 

00  00         00 

T*  Ttt  0  OQ         OQ 

00  00  00  00         00 

"O 
CD 
CD 
«H 

JO 

FH 

1* 

CO  rH   ^f           CO     rH  b»           ^f 
CO  b-  00           b-   'CD  •*           IO 

Ttf   00   GO   CO          00 
O  00  CO  CQ         CO 

fc 

"Jl  IO        OS 
OQ  CO         b. 

rH  CO          CQ 

os  10      b- 

O  00  CD  IO         O 
OJ  CD  CO  rH         «D 

0 

00  OS  OS         CQ    CD  O         00 
IO  IO  IO         CO    lO  CD         IO 

OQ  O  CQ  00         CO 
CD  CD  CO  CO         CO 

I-H 

CD 

CD  CO         OS 

t*  oo      r> 

OQ  CD         TH 

00  00         00 

Tji  rH  CD  0         O 
00  00  b*  00         00 

u 

rH 
CD 
CD 

.   CQ   rH              rH 

£5  os  cq       CQ 

00  00          00 
OS  rH          O 

oo  co  CD  tn      tn 
CD  o  co  tn      CD 

CO 

1-1 

rH  O           O 
O  •*         b- 

rH  CQ          CO 

CXI    b-                 Oi 

OI  OC  CC  -ft          rH 
CX|  OO  b-  b-          OS 

CC 
CQ 

,X  CQ  -*          •<* 

g  -^  m       m 

co  co       co 

rH  in  Oi  CQ          •* 
•*  TjH  CO  tO          Ttf 

rH 

b-  O          CO 
CO  00         b- 

rH   CO             CO 

oo  co      oo 

CXI  b-  CD  O         <D 
OO  I—  CD  00          t- 

O3 
b- 

CO 

CO 

co 

in  rH  oo       m 
b-  in  •*       CQ 

in  b-           rH 
CQ  b-         O 

O  CO  rH  CQ          rH 
T*  b-  •«*  OS          rH 

rH 

b-  i-H          OS 
-*  CO          00 

CQ  to        GO 

CO  CO          Tj< 

rH  OS  O  CD          OS 
rH  TjH  O  in         CQ 

C: 

CC 

rH  CO  in           rH 
b-  b-  CO           b- 

CQ  CO         CO 

co  co       oo 

CQ  CD  in  CO         CQ 
CO  b-  CO  CO          OO 

01 
00 

to  co      10 
oo  co       oo 

•*  CD      in 

CO  OO         CO 

CD  m  CD  OS          •>!}< 
CO  00  OC  b-          00 

cc 

13 

CD 

5 

«H 

1C 

6 
p 
H 

|i 

CO  CO  CO          rH 

TH  OS   rH           IO 

CD  IO         IO 
CO  Tj)         o 

CO  CO  •*  IO         CO 
00  O  00  IO         IO 

" 

^1  b*     *    CO 
O  CO         b- 

oo  os       oo 

*#  O        CQ 

b-  CO  rH   00          CO 
CO  •*  CQ  OQ         CO 

in 

CD 

tH  CQ  CO          OQ 
00  00  00          00 

co  ^      "^ 

00  00         00 

CO  OQ  ^  CO         CO 
00  00  00  00         00 

co 

00 

id  co"      id 

00  00         00 

CO  IO         Tji 
00  00         00 

CQ  CD  CQ  CQ        CO 

oo  oo  oo  oo      oo 

cc 

OC 

10 
CD 
CO 

co  co  os       co 

•^  OO  OO           b- 

CQ  CO          OS 

•^  b-      in 

rH  CO  rH  CD          OO 
b-  O  •*  CO         00 

03 

O  •*          b- 

^1  to         ^* 

rH  -^           b- 

oo  m      I-H 

IO   C3    CD    i—  1            00 
CC  CO  Th  b-          ^ 

c 

CO  CQ  rH           CQ 

00  00  OO          OO 

CQ  TJ<       co 
QO  oo      oo 

in  rH  b-  rH          CO 
OO  OO  CO  OO          00 

OO 

to  to      in 

oo  oo      oo 

co  oo      oo 

rH  CD  CC   CQ          CO 
OO  OO  OC  OO          OO 

4 

00 

in 

co 

•«*!  b-  OO           O 
TfH  O  CO           CO 

rH  in           CO 
OS  rH          W 

CO  rH  b-  IO          IO 
OS  O  CQ  b-          CQ 

l^ 

os  o      ^ 

CO  CQ         OS 

in  tn      o 

rH  CO         ^ 

OS  CO  CD  CD          OO 
CO  m  OS  OO          rH 

CQ 

OS  CO  ^^          CQ 
b-  00  CO           00 

GO  CO          CO 

rH  CO  CQ  lO          CO 
00  00  00  CO          CO 

eo 
oo 

Tj(    b-               tO 

00  00          CO 

CQ  -^          CO 
00  00          00 

CO  CO  O  rH          CO 
QO  OC  OO  OO          OO 

CC 
OC 

CD 
«J 

E 

•+J 

i 
0 

|t 

10  •*  os       co 

CD  00  CD          t> 

CO  O        CO 
CO  OQ        Td 

in  CQ  os  10      10 

O  00  CO  O         CD 

CQ 

00  T}1        rH 
Ob-        <# 

IO  00         rH 
00  OS         OS 

OS  O  CQ  CO         00 
^  CO  ^  CO         00 

s 

•*  O  IO         CO 
00  00  00          00 

CO  CD        CO 
00  00         00 

id  id  •*  co      •<* 

00  00  00  00         00 

IO 

CO  IO        ^ 
00  00        00 

IO  CO         Ttl 
00  00         00 

CD  TH  00  CQ         CQ 
00  00  t>  00          00 

§6 

OS 
CD 
CO 

rH    CQ  O           00 

CO  O  b-          CO 

CO  CO         O 

to  o      co 

oo  b-  os  co       cq 
in  •<*<  01  oo       b- 

00 

in  in      tn 
T*  oo      co 

O  OS          ••# 
rH  rH           rH 

CO  CO  CO  b-          rH 
rH  OQ  00  Ttl          -^ 

c: 
c. 

rj!  r-5  CQ*         CQ 

00   00  CO           CO 

tn  m      in 
oo  oo      oo 

eo  •*  co  oo       OQ 

OO  OO  OO  b-          OO 

CO 

cc 

00  **          rH 
b*  OO         OO 

10'  i-i       co' 

00  00           00 

•^  rH  CO  CO           rH 
00  00  b-  00           00 

r- 
00 

co 

CD 

co 

O   b-  CO          CO 
O  CD  CD         b- 

in  GO       CD 
b-  co       tn 

CO  00  O3  b-           OS 
IO  rH  CO  CQ          IO 

eg 
A 

oa  co      b- 

b-  CO         rH 

rH  CO           OS 
CO  b-          CD 

CO  b-  CQ  O          CD 
00  CO  O  CQ          CO 

r— 

tn  o  oo       •* 

OO  OO  OO           OC 

b-  b-       b- 

oo  oo       oo 

CO  b-  IO  b-          CD 

OO  CO  CO  OO          OO 

CC 
00 

b-CO         b- 

00  00          00 

CD  CD           CD 
GO  OO          CO 

OO  b-  O  rH           iJH 
OO  OO  QO  00           OO 

10 
00 

Maintenance 

s» 

rH  rH  OS         •«*) 
•*  O  CQ         CQ 

O  CO         rH 
IO  IO         IO 

CO  CO  IO  00         O 
IO  b-  CO  rH         OQ 

0 

co 

b-  CQ         OS 

*^  OS         rH 

CO  OS         t- 
IO  b-         i-H 

rH  CQ  •*  CO          00 
rH  rH  IO  C-         CO 

CD 

OS  IO  IO         CO 
b-  00  00         00 

CD  CD         CD 
00  00         00 

b-  CO  IO  IO         CO 
00  00  00  00         00 

co 

00 

rH  t»        CO 
00  00         00 

id  •*      id 

00  00         00 

T*  IO  •*  CO         •* 

oo  oo  oo  oo       oo 

00 

co 
in 

CO 

CO  00  Tjl          CQ 
CQ  •*  rH           CO 

OS  cq       o 
•*  to      o 

rH  b-  OS  OO           rH 
IO  b-  O  -*          b- 

CO 

rH  CQ          CD   IT*  CQ          OO 
OS  CQ          in     CQ  b-          OS 

CO  CXJ  O  OS         OO 
rH  CD  O3  CO          CO 

eg 

Oi  co  in      OQ 

b-  OO  OO          OO 

b-  CO          CO 

00  00          CO 

b-  co  co  in      tn 

OO  OO  OO  OO          OO 

CD 

oo 

CQ  CD          Tj< 

OO  OO          OO 

in  -*      •<*( 

00  00          00 

CD  co  -*  co      in 
oo  cc  x  ao      oo 

10 

OC 

o 
in 

CD 

o  in  •*      co 
co  in  •*      oo 

CQ  IO         CO 

tn  to      o 

CD  Oi  CQ  OS         OS 

in  CD  CD  oo      co 

1—1 

CO  CQ         CQ 
O  CD         00 

oo  b-      b- 

OO  OO         CO 

O  CQ  OS  CO        00 
rH  CD  rH  CO          CO 

o 

os  co  m       co 

b-  00  00         00 

to'  Tl"         IO 

GC  OO          CO 

b-  CD  b-  T}(          CO 

OO  OO  OO  OO          OO 

tD 

CC 

CD  OS          b- 

oo  oo      oo 

tn  -*      in 

GO  CO          CC 

CQ  CO  M*  CO          CO 
CC  OC  OC  OO          OO 

CC 

Ratio  of 
hay  to 

si 

o  o  o       o 

o  o      o 

0000         0 

O 

CO  OS         CD 

o*  o'      o 

rH  i—  1          rH 

rH  f—  1  rH  i—  1          rH 

rH 

^  ^  -*       os 

in  to      tn 

IO  IO  IO  tO        IO 

» 

b-  rH          Tt< 

TH^           Th 

4J  -*  TH  TH     4< 

^ 

«  0 

rH          rH           rH 

rH  rH          rH 

in 

CO 
Tj»  in  CO          rH 

rH  rH  rH           ^ 

cc 

b-  OO          *~? 
r-i  rH          b- 

i—  1 

CQ 

OS  O  rH  CQ          CQ 
rH  CQ  CQ  Cq         ^ 

rH 

M 

eg 
t- 

r-l 

CO  CQ         CQ 

CQ 

CO 
CQ 

co 
in  co      CQ 

CQ 

b-  00  Oi  O          CO 
CQ  CQ  CQ  CO         ,^ 
CQ 

O 
CO 

in 
« 

i 

* 

' 

Transitional  .  . 
>  i 

j) 
Average  

Preliminary  .  . 

;  i 

Average  

CD 

be 

03 

00  *.     *v     *^               ^ 

9 

tL 

C 

Transitional  . 

>  > 

Average  

^ 

Prelimina 

)  > 

Average 

'.      '.      '.      '.           9 

Average 

•'.'.'.       a 

H"                 < 

3      S 


S      S     S     3      8 


B8SB 


N33«3d    Nl    9 
M-aini  4  4-ye*n   ° 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


V  i 

**     * 


I 


Q.630.7IL6B 
BULLETIN.  URBANA 
166-181  1914-15 


C001 


30112019528436 


• 


FTO] 

••     (    *••  • 

'^--»4  '*"• 


